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Inequality Adjusted Human Development IndicatorGo toSearch glossaries

Source: Human Development Indices: A statistical update 2022 | United Nations Development Programme
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Human Development Index (HDI) Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI) Coefficient of human inequality Inequality in life expectancy Inequality-adjusted life expectancy index Inequality in education a Inequality-adjusted education index Inequality in income a Inequality-adjusted income index Income shares held by (%) Gini coefficient
Value Value Overall loss (%) Difference from HDI rank b (%) Value (%) Value (%) Value Poorest 40 percent Richest 10 %  Richest 1 % (%)
HDI rank Country 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021 c 2021 2021 d 2021 2021 d 2021 2010-2021 e 2010-2021 e 2021 2010-2021 e
Very high human development
1 Switzerland 0.962 0.894 7.1 -3 6.9 3.1 0.954 2.0 0.902 15.6 0.830 19.9 25.8 11.5 33.1
2 Norway 0.961 0.908 5.5 0 5.4 2.5 0.948 2.3 0.912 11.4 0.866 22.9 22.4 8.9 27.7
3 Iceland 0.959 0.915 4.6 2 4.6 2.0 0.945 2.2 0.938 9.5 0.864 23.9 22.1 8.8 26.1
4 Hong Kong, China (SAR) 0.952 0.828 13.0 -19 12.4 2.1 0.979 9.7 0.802 25.6 0.724 .. .. 17.9 ..
5 Australia 0.951 0.876 7.9 -6 7.6 2.7 0.966 3.1 0.896 17.1 0.776 19.5 26.6 11.3 34.3
6 Denmark 0.948 0.898 5.3 3 5.2 3.0 0.916 2.5 0.909 10.1 0.870 23.5 23.5 12.9 27.7
7 Sweden 0.947 0.885 6.5 0 6.4 2.6 0.944 3.9 0.885 12.8 0.830 21.9 22.7 10.5 29.3
8 Ireland 0.945 0.886 6.2 2 6.2 2.8 0.927 3.4 0.856 12.3 0.877 21.8 25.1 11.8 30.6
9 Germany 0.942 0.883 6.3 1 6.2 3.4 0.901 2.7 0.917 12.5 0.833 20.8 25.1 12.8 31.7
10 Netherlands 0.941 0.878 6.7 1 6.7 3.3 0.917 4.9 0.875 11.9 0.842 22.3 23.9 6.9 29.2
11 Finland 0.940 0.890 5.3 6 5.2 2.8 0.928 2.4 0.907 10.5 0.839 23.1 23.0 10.9 27.7
12 Singapore 0.939 0.817 13.0 -15 12.4 2.3 0.944 10.0 0.771 25.0 0.750 .. .. 14.2 ..
13 Belgium 0.937 0.874 6.7 1 6.6 3.6 0.918 5.9 0.859 10.3 0.848 23.2 22.3 8.6 27.2
13 New Zealand 0.937 0.865 7.7 0 7.5 4.2 0.921 1.8 0.914 16.4 0.768 .. .. 11.9 ..
15 Canada 0.936 0.860 8.1 1 7.9 4.1 0.924 2.5 0.893 17.1 0.770 19.5 25.3 13.9 33.3
16 Liechtenstein 0.935 .. .. .. .. 4.7 0.927 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
17 Luxembourg 0.930 0.850 8.6 0 8.4 3.9 0.926 4.7 0.794 16.7 0.833 19.1 25.8 10.4 34.2
18 United Kingdom 0.929 0.850 8.5 1 8.2 3.9 0.898 2.8 0.901 18.0 0.758 18.6 26.7 12.7 35.1
19 Japan 0.925 0.850 8.1 2 7.9 2.5 0.972 4.5 0.829 16.7 0.761 20.5 26.4 13.1 32.9
19 Korea (Republic of) 0.925 0.838 9.4 -3 9.3 2.8 0.952 8.8 0.799 16.1 0.773 20.5 24.0 14.7 31.4
21 United States 0.921 0.819 11.1 -5 10.6 5.9 0.828 2.7 0.883 23.2 0.751 15.3 30.8 19.1 41.5
22 Israel 0.919 0.815 11.3 -8 10.9 3.2 0.927 6.3 0.835 23.1 0.700 16.1 27.6 16.6 38.6
23 Malta 0.918 0.849 7.5 2 7.4 3.2 0.950 5.2 0.829 13.9 0.776 21.2 24.8 9.1 31.0
23 Slovenia 0.918 0.878 4.4 13 4.4 2.7 0.908 2.1 0.898 8.3 0.829 24.8 20.7 8.0 24.4
25 Austria 0.916 0.851 7.1 9 6.9 3.3 0.917 2.5 0.832 14.9 0.808 21.2 23.2 10.1 30.2
26 United Arab Emirates 0.911 .. .. .. .. 4.5 0.862 12.6 0.751 .. .. 23.0 20.0 15.8 26.0
27 Spain 0.905 0.788 12.9 -12 12.6 2.9 0.941 15.7 0.717 19.3 0.725 18.5 24.9 12.4 34.3
28 France 0.903 0.825 8.6 2 8.5 3.8 0.925 7.7 0.762 13.9 0.797 20.9 26.7 9.8 32.4
29 Cyprus 0.896 0.819 8.6 2 8.4 2.6 0.917 9.5 0.768 13.0 0.781 21.3 25.5 11.5 31.2
30 Italy 0.895 0.791 11.6 -7 11.2 2.7 0.940 10.1 0.727 20.9 0.724 18.3 25.9 8.7 35.2
31 Estonia 0.890 0.829 6.9 7 6.6 2.9 0.853 2.0 0.876 15.0 0.763 21.0 23.3 11.8 30.8
32 Czechia 0.889 0.850 4.4 14 4.4 3.1 0.860 1.3 0.868 8.8 0.821 24.6 21.5 10.0 25.3
33 Greece 0.887 0.791 10.8 -4 10.7 3.6 0.891 11.7 0.777 16.6 0.714 19.6 24.9 10.8 33.1
34 Poland 0.876 0.816 6.8 4 6.8 3.9 0.834 4.5 0.845 12.1 0.770 21.5 24.0 14.9 30.2
35 Bahrain 0.875 .. .. .. .. 4.5 0.863 12.6 0.718 .. .. .. .. 25.1 ..
35 Lithuania 0.875 0.800 8.6 2 8.3 4.3 0.791 3.6 0.870 17.1 0.744 19.0 27.5 11.0 35.3
35 Saudi Arabia 0.875 .. .. .. .. 5.1 0.831 18.1 0.676 .. .. .. .. 21.0 ..
38 Portugal 0.866 0.773 10.7 -4 10.6 3.2 0.909 13.1 0.685 15.5 0.741 20.4 26.0 9.6 32.8
39 Latvia 0.863 0.792 8.2 2 8.0 4.2 0.790 2.2 0.872 17.5 0.722 19.3 26.6 9.1 34.5
40 Andorra 0.858 .. .. .. .. 5.3 0.880 10.0 0.649 .. .. .. .. .. ..
40 Croatia 0.858 0.797 7.1 4 7.0 3.8 0.853 4.2 0.791 13.0 0.751 21.7 22.2 10.2 28.9
42 Chile 0.855 0.722 15.6 -8 15.0 4.9 0.862 11.7 0.732 28.3 0.596 15.0 35.8 27.1 44.9
42 Qatar 0.855 .. .. .. .. 3.9 0.877 11.2 0.607 .. .. .. .. 23.6 ..
44 San Marino 0.853 .. .. .. .. 2.8 0.910 5.6 0.662 .. .. .. .. .. ..
45 Slovakia 0.848 0.803 5.3 8 5.2 4.7 0.805 1.7 0.819 9.1 0.787 24.9 18.8 7.0 23.2
46 Hungary 0.846 0.792 6.4 6 6.4 4.0 0.806 2.9 0.802 12.3 0.767 21.4 23.3 12.3 30.0
47 Argentina 0.842 0.720 14.5 -6 13.8 7.6 0.787 5.8 0.818 28.1 0.580 14.3 30.3 21.7 42.3
48 Türkiye 0.838 0.717 14.4 -7 14.2 5.9 0.811 13.6 0.680 23.1 0.667 15.5 31.6 18.8 41.9
49 Montenegro 0.832 0.756 9.1 2 9.0 2.3 0.847 7.8 0.760 16.9 0.670 16.8 26.0 9.7 36.8
50 Kuwait 0.831 .. .. .. .. 5.6 0.853 22.1 0.522 .. .. .. .. 19.4 ..
51 Brunei Darussalam 0.829 .. .. .. .. 7.5 0.778 .. .. .. .. .. .. 13.6 ..
52 Russian Federation 0.822 0.751 8.6 1 8.4 5.5 0.718 2.0 0.846 17.6 0.697 19.1 29.0 21.0 36.0
53 Romania 0.821 0.733 10.7 1 10.4 4.9 0.793 5.4 0.729 20.9 0.682 17.8 24.5 14.4 34.8
54 Oman 0.816 0.708 13.2 -7 13.0 7.1 0.751 11.9 0.698 20.1 0.676 .. .. 19.6 ..
55 Bahamas 0.812 .. .. .. .. 8.7 0.724 6.9 0.726 .. .. .. .. 20.8 ..
56 Kazakhstan 0.811 0.755 6.9 5 6.9 7.3 0.704 3.2 0.823 10.3 0.742 23.3 23.4 15.4 27.8
57 Trinidad and Tobago 0.810 .. .. .. .. 10.9 0.726 .. .. .. .. .. .. 20.8 ..
58 Costa Rica 0.809 0.664 17.9 -17 17.0 5.9 0.826 11.6 0.666 33.4 0.533 12.1 37.0 19.1 49.3
58 Uruguay 0.809 0.710 12.2 -3 11.8 5.4 0.807 6.5 0.717 23.5 0.619 16.0 29.9 14.7 40.2
60 Belarus 0.808 0.765 5.3 10 5.3 3.3 0.780 2.8 0.803 9.6 0.715 24.8 20.7 9.9 24.4
61 Panama 0.805 0.640 20.5 -19 19.6 10.9 0.771 11.4 0.633 36.6 0.536 11.7 38.0 20.8 49.8
62 Malaysia 0.803 .. .. .. .. 6.0 0.794 12.1 0.638 .. .. 15.9 31.3 14.9 41.1
63 Georgia 0.802 0.706 12.0 -2 11.4 6.6 0.743 2.8 0.836 24.9 0.566 19.0 26.2 21.1 34.5
63 Mauritius 0.802 0.666 17.0 -11 16.9 10.6 0.736 21.9 0.601 18.2 0.667 18.8 29.9 15.9 36.8
63 Serbia 0.802 0.720 10.2 5 9.9 4.1 0.799 7.2 0.723 18.5 0.647 18.9 26.0 10.9 34.5
66 Thailand 0.800 0.686 14.3 -2 14.2 6.9 0.841 16.8 0.608 18.8 0.630 19.0 27.0 17.8 35.0
High human development
67 Albania 0.796 0.710 10.8 5 10.8 6.8 0.810 12.3 0.682 13.2 0.649 21.0 23.8 8.9 30.8
68 Bulgaria 0.795 0.701 11.8 2 11.4 5.2 0.756 5.9 0.721 23.0 0.633 16.7 31.4 18.3 40.3
68 Grenada 0.795 .. .. .. .. 9.6 0.764 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
70 Barbados 0.790 0.657 16.8 -9 15.7 8.0 0.815 5.5 0.722 33.6 0.483 .. .. .. ..
71 Antigua and Barbuda 0.788 .. .. .. .. 4.7 0.857 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
72 Seychelles 0.785 0.661 15.8 -7 15.1 9.4 0.715 6.7 0.681 29.3 0.593 19.6 23.9 20.6 32.1
73 Sri Lanka 0.782 0.676 13.6 -2 13.2 5.2 0.823 12.0 0.663 22.4 0.567 17.9 32.6 20.6 39.3
74 Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.780 0.677 13.2 0 13.0 4.0 0.817 14.8 0.626 20.2 0.606 19.8 25.1 8.9 33.0
75 Saint Kitts and Nevis 0.777 .. .. .. .. 8.0 0.732 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
76 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 0.774 0.686 11.4 5 11.1 8.5 0.758 5.0 0.723 19.7 0.590 16.3 31.7 18.2 40.9
77 Ukraine 0.773 0.726 6.1 18 6.0 5.8 0.748 3.6 0.758 8.5 0.675 24.3 21.8 9.5 25.6
78 North Macedonia 0.770 0.686 10.9 7 10.6 4.4 0.792 8.4 0.659 19.2 0.619 18.5 23.0 6.5 33.0
79 China 0.768 0.651 15.2 -3 14.8 5.3 0.848 11.7 0.573 27.4 0.567 17.4 29.5 14.0 38.2
80 Dominican Republic 0.767 0.618 19.4 -9 19.4 17.6 0.667 15.0 0.605 25.6 0.583 16.9 30.5 20.8 39.6
80 Moldova (Republic of) 0.767 0.711 7.3 16 7.3 8.9 0.685 2.6 0.775 10.4 0.677 24.1 22.0 9.8 26.0
80 Palau 0.767 .. .. .. .. 12.5 0.620 2.2 0.836 .. .. .. .. .. ..
83 Cuba 0.764 .. .. .. .. 4.6 0.788 9.1 0.743 .. .. .. .. 16.7 ..
84 Peru 0.762 0.635 16.7 -3 16.4 8.6 0.736 14.3 0.649 26.3 0.535 14.4 32.9 21.2 43.8
85 Armenia 0.759 0.688 9.4 13 9.1 7.0 0.744 2.9 0.720 17.4 0.609 24.5 21.5 15.4 25.2
86 Mexico 0.758 0.621 18.1 -3 17.6 9.5 0.699 13.5 0.623 29.8 0.550 14.3 35.5 28.4 45.4
87 Brazil 0.754 0.576 23.6 -20 22.3 10.0 0.730 15.7 0.594 41.3 0.440 13.2 39.4 25.7 48.9
88 Colombia 0.752 0.589 21.7 -14 20.6 9.4 0.737 14.6 0.595 37.7 0.468 10.2 42.2 19.9 54.2
89 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0.751 .. .. .. .. 9.1 0.694 9.2 0.698 .. .. .. .. .. ..
90 Maldives 0.747 0.594 20.5 -9 19.8 4.1 0.884 29.3 0.421 25.8 0.565 22.1 23.3 13.3 29.3
91 Algeria 0.745 0.598 19.7 -7 19.1 12.4 0.760 33.3 0.451 11.5 0.626 23.1 22.9 9.9 27.6
91 Azerbaijan 0.745 0.685 8.1 14 7.9 11.3 0.673 3.6 0.700 8.9 0.683 .. .. 14.3 ..
91 Tonga 0.745 0.666 10.6 11 10.4 8.7 0.716 4.3 0.790 18.2 0.522 18.2 29.7 .. 37.6
91 Turkmenistan 0.745 0.619 16.9 0 16.4 20.0 0.607 2.9 0.720 26.2 0.543 .. .. 19.9 ..
95 Ecuador 0.740 0.604 18.4 0 17.8 8.9 0.752 13.4 0.606 31.1 0.483 13.0 36.0 13.7 47.3
96 Mongolia 0.739 0.644 12.9 10 12.7 9.3 0.711 11.9 0.643 16.9 0.585 20.2 25.7 16.5 32.7
97 Egypt 0.731 0.519 29.0 -21 28.0 10.7 0.690 36.9 0.443 36.5 0.457 21.8 26.9 19.9 31.5
97 Tunisia 0.731 0.588 19.6 -7 19.2 10.0 0.745 30.7 0.469 16.9 0.581 20.1 25.6 10.9 32.8
99 Fiji 0.730 .. .. .. .. 15.2 0.614 2.6 0.753 .. .. 21.3 24.2 .. 30.7
99 Suriname 0.730 0.532 27.1 -18 25.3 11.0 0.688 18.4 0.562 46.7 0.390 .. .. 20.8 ..
101 Uzbekistan 0.727 .. .. .. .. 8.5 0.716 0.6 0.739 .. .. .. .. 16.9 ..
102 Dominica 0.720 .. .. .. .. 9.0 0.740 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
102 Jordan 0.720 0.617 14.3 7 14.2 9.3 0.757 15.4 0.545 17.9 0.570 20.3 27.5 17.5 33.7
104 Libya 0.718 .. .. .. .. 7.8 0.736 .. .. .. .. .. .. 13.6 ..
105 Paraguay 0.717 0.582 18.8 -6 18.3 11.4 0.685 13.2 0.570 30.4 0.506 14.9 33.3 20.8 43.5
106 Palestine, State of 0.715 0.584 18.3 -4 17.6 10.2 0.738 11.0 0.625 31.6 0.432 19.2 25.2 17.9 33.7
106 Saint Lucia 0.715 0.559 21.8 -8 21.3 9.3 0.713 27.3 0.467 27.4 0.525 11.0 38.6 .. 51.2
108 Guyana 0.714 0.591 17.2 3 17.1 15.8 0.592 10.4 0.568 25.1 0.613 .. .. 20.8 ..
109 South Africa 0.713 0.471 33.9 -22 31.1 18.9 0.529 17.3 0.627 57.0 0.316 7.2 50.5 21.9 63.0
110 Jamaica 0.709 0.591 16.6 5 15.7 8.7 0.709 6.5 0.633 32.0 0.461 .. .. 20.8 ..
111 Samoa 0.707 0.613 13.3 13 13.1 10.4 0.727 7.0 0.674 21.9 0.469 17.9 31.3 .. 38.7
112 Gabon 0.706 0.554 21.5 -3 21.5 19.7 0.566 23.5 0.517 21.2 0.583 16.8 27.7 11.0 38.0
112 Lebanon 0.706 .. .. .. .. 5.6 0.800 6.2 0.567 .. .. 20.6 24.8 21.0 31.8
114 Indonesia 0.705 0.585 17.0 4 16.9 13.2 0.635 17.3 0.552 20.1 0.572 18.1 29.6 18.3 37.3
115 Viet Nam 0.703 0.602 14.4 14 14.3 13.1 0.717 15.3 0.541 14.6 0.563 18.6 27.5 16.2 35.7
Medium human development
116 Philippines 0.699 0.574 17.9 2 17.5 14.4 0.649 10.1 0.597 28.1 0.488 16.1 33.5 16.9 42.3
117 Botswana 0.693 .. .. .. .. 21.6 0.496 23.3 0.526 .. .. 10.9 41.5 22.7 53.3
118 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 0.692 0.549 20.7 -1 20.5 18.0 0.550 16.5 0.620 26.9 0.486 14.5 32.6 20.8 43.6
118 Kyrgyzstan 0.692 0.627 9.4 23 9.2 10.5 0.688 3.4 0.721 13.8 0.497 22.5 24.0 18.4 29.0
120 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 0.691 0.592 14.3 14 14.2 12.8 0.678 8.7 0.663 21.0 0.462 .. .. 20.8 f ..
121 Iraq 0.686 0.554 19.2 4 18.8 14.0 0.667 29.7 0.421 12.7 0.607 21.9 23.7 20.7 29.5
122 Tajikistan 0.685 0.599 12.6 19 12.3 16.5 0.663 6.0 0.659 14.5 0.493 19.4 26.4 14.9 34.0
123 Belize 0.683 0.535 21.7 1 20.7 9.2 0.705 14.8 0.559 37.9 0.389 .. .. 20.8 ..
123 Morocco 0.683 0.504 26.2 -4 25.1 10.9 0.741 41.9 0.343 22.5 0.502 17.4 31.9 15.1 39.5
125 El Salvador 0.675 0.548 18.8 5 18.6 9.5 0.706 23.8 0.450 22.5 0.517 17.1 29.8 14.5 38.8
126 Nicaragua 0.667 0.516 22.6 1 22.1 9.9 0.747 25.8 0.437 30.7 0.422 14.3 37.2 20.8 46.2
127 Bhutan 0.666 0.471 29.3 -6 27.7 14.9 0.678 48.2 0.279 20.0 0.550 17.5 27.9 14.2 37.4
128 Cabo Verde 0.662 .. .. .. .. 8.8 0.758 27.4 0.405 .. .. 15.4 32.3 13.9 42.4
129 Bangladesh 0.661 0.503 23.9 0 23.1 15.5 0.681 37.3 0.371 16.6 0.504 21.0 26.8 16.3 32.4
130 Tuvalu 0.641 0.541 15.6 8 15.5 14.4 0.587 9.2 0.557 22.9 0.483 17.4 30.8 .. 39.1
131 Marshall Islands 0.639 .. .. .. .. 17.5 0.575 4.8 0.616 .. .. 18.9 27.5 .. 35.5
132 India 0.633 0.475 25.0 -2 24.4 16.9 0.604 36.9 0.348 19.4 0.510 19.8 30.1 21.7 35.7
133 Ghana 0.632 0.458 27.5 -6 27.3 22.8 0.520 35.1 0.397 24.1 0.464 14.3 32.2 15.2 43.5
134 Micronesia (Federated States of) 0.628 .. .. .. .. 13.9 0.672 .. .. 26.4 0.401 16.2 29.7 .. 40.1
135 Guatemala 0.627 0.460 26.6 -3 26.1 13.9 0.652 35.0 0.314 29.6 0.475 13.1 38.1 20.8 48.3
136 Kiribati 0.624 0.516 17.3 8 17.2 22.5 0.566 9.6 0.537 19.4 0.451 23.0 22.9 .. 27.8
137 Honduras 0.621 0.479 22.9 4 22.2 10.1 0.693 21.6 0.406 34.9 0.390 11.6 34.6 20.8 48.2
138 Sao Tome and Principe 0.618 0.503 18.6 7 18.4 10.4 0.656 18.7 0.470 26.2 0.412 16.8 32.9 9.0 40.7
139 Namibia 0.615 0.402 34.6 -10 32.8 19.9 0.484 25.0 0.428 53.6 0.313 8.6 47.3 21.6 59.1
140 Lao People's Democratic Republic 0.607 0.459 24.4 1 24.2 20.6 0.587 31.3 0.316 20.6 0.521 17.8 31.2 20.1 38.8
140 Timor-Leste 0.607 0.440 27.5 -3 26.2 20.2 0.586 44.9 0.293 13.6 0.496 22.8 24.0 15.7 28.7
140 Vanuatu 0.607 .. .. .. .. 14.0 0.667 .. .. 19.7 0.416 19.9 24.7 .. 32.3
143 Nepal 0.602 0.449 25.4 0 24.3 15.5 0.630 41.1 0.311 16.3 0.462 20.4 26.4 13.9 32.8
144 Eswatini (Kingdom of) 0.597 0.424 29.0 -3 28.6 23.8 0.435 24.1 0.431 37.9 0.407 10.5 42.7 19.3 54.6
145 Equatorial Guinea 0.596 .. .. .. .. 30.1 0.437 .. .. .. .. .. .. 17.6 ..
146 Cambodia 0.593 0.479 19.2 11 19.0 15.4 0.646 27.3 0.355 14.3 0.480 .. .. 18.6 ..
146 Zimbabwe 0.593 0.458 22.8 4 22.5 24.0 0.459 14.6 0.535 28.8 0.392 15.1 34.8 21.1 50.3
148 Angola 0.586 0.407 30.5 -2 30.4 28.2 0.460 34.2 0.341 28.9 0.430 11.5 39.6 26.0 51.3
149 Myanmar 0.585 .. .. .. .. 21.2 0.554 26.9 0.377 .. .. 21.9 25.5 17.1 30.7
150 Syrian Arab Republic 0.577 .. .. .. .. 13.0 0.697 .. .. .. .. .. .. 21.2 ..
151 Cameroon 0.576 0.393 31.8 -6 31.7 28.5 0.444 31.7 0.389 35.0 0.352 13.0 35.0 15.9 46.6
152 Kenya 0.575 0.426 25.9 3 25.7 21.0 0.503 22.9 0.400 33.1 0.384 16.5 31.6 15.2 40.8
153 Congo 0.571 0.432 24.3 5 24.3 21.0 0.529 20.9 0.433 31.0 0.351 12.4 37.9 20.5 48.9
154 Zambia 0.565 0.390 31.0 -4 30.1 25.1 0.475 20.4 0.432 44.8 0.289 8.9 44.4 23.2 57.1
155 Solomon Islands 0.564 .. .. .. .. 12.1 0.681 .. .. .. .. 18.4 29.2 .. 37.1
156 Comoros 0.558 0.310 44.4 -21 43.1 25.6 0.497 47.6 0.262 56.0 0.229 13.6 33.7 14.2 45.3
156 Papua New Guinea 0.558 0.397 28.9 0 28.5 20.9 0.552 35.7 0.287 28.9 0.396 15.1 g 31.0 g 16.7 41.9 g
158 Mauritania 0.556 0.389 30.0 -2 29.0 25.7 0.507 44.0 0.238 17.3 0.490 19.9 24.9 10.8 32.6
159 Côte d'Ivoire 0.550 0.358 34.9 -8 34.3 30.4 0.414 45.6 0.256 27.0 0.436 18.0 29.0 21.0 37.2
Low human development
160 Tanzania (United Republic of) 0.549 0.418 23.9 8 23.7 21.7 0.556 27.0 0.342 22.4 0.385 17.4 33.1 18.2 40.5
161 Pakistan 0.544 0.380 30.1 0 29.2 26.9 0.518 43.5 0.221 17.2 0.479 22.7 25.5 16.8 29.6
162 Togo 0.539 0.372 31.0 -1 30.8 27.7 0.463 37.7 0.328 26.9 0.340 15.7 32.9 13.9 42.4
163 Haiti 0.535 0.327 38.9 -12 38.1 26.6 0.488 37.3 0.285 50.4 0.251 15.8 31.2 20.8 41.1
163 Nigeria 0.535 0.341 36.3 -7 36.0 39.6 0.304 40.4 0.310 28.1 0.421 18.7 26.7 11.6 35.1
165 Rwanda 0.534 0.402 24.7 11 24.6 19.4 0.571 27.4 0.334 27.2 0.340 15.8 35.6 19.9 43.7
166 Benin 0.525 0.334 36.4 -7 36.1 32.7 0.413 43.7 0.249 32.0 0.363 18.1 29.9 17.5 37.8
166 Uganda 0.525 0.396 24.6 9 24.4 20.4 0.523 27.9 0.341 24.9 0.350 16.1 34.5 17.1 42.7
168 Lesotho 0.514 0.372 27.6 5 27.4 33.0 0.341 19.6 0.430 29.6 0.351 13.5 32.9 14.5 44.9
169 Malawi 0.512 0.377 26.4 7 26.3 19.7 0.530 28.0 0.361 31.3 0.279 17.9 31.0 28.0 38.5
170 Senegal 0.511 0.354 30.7 2 29.5 18.1 0.593 47.1 0.183 23.4 0.406 18.0 30.5 13.2 38.1
171 Djibouti 0.509 .. .. .. .. 25.7 0.484 .. .. 27.7 0.428 15.8 32.3 15.9 41.6
172 Sudan 0.508 0.336 33.9 -1 33.5 25.0 0.522 42.5 0.200 33.0 0.362 19.9 27.8 15.4 34.2
173 Madagascar 0.501 0.367 26.7 7 26.9 23.7 0.522 29.3 0.320 27.6 0.295 15.7 33.5 15.2 42.6
174 Gambia 0.500 0.348 30.4 4 29.3 23.3 0.496 47.0 0.221 17.5 0.384 19.0 28.7 13.6 35.9
175 Ethiopia 0.498 0.363 27.1 8 26.0 23.1 0.532 42.8 0.214 12.1 0.420 19.4 28.5 13.8 35.0
176 Eritrea 0.492 .. .. .. .. 20.3 0.571 .. .. .. .. .. .. 13.8 ..
177 Guinea-Bissau 0.483 0.306 36.6 -5 36.5 29.5 0.430 42.1 0.240 37.9 0.277 19.4 27.6 17.1 34.8
178 Liberia 0.481 0.330 31.4 2 30.7 30.1 0.438 42.1 0.266 19.7 0.310 18.8 27.1 12.2 35.3
179 Congo (Democratic Republic of the) 0.479 0.341 28.8 7 28.7 31.7 0.412 26.8 0.371 27.6 0.260 15.5 32.0 14.6 42.1
180 Afghanistan 0.478 .. .. .. .. 26.2 0.477 45.4 0.210 .. .. .. .. 15.3 ..
181 Sierra Leone 0.477 0.309 35.2 0 34.2 35.1 0.400 47.5 0.220 19.9 0.337 19.6 29.4 15.0 35.7
182 Guinea 0.465 0.299 35.7 -4 34.3 35.1 0.389 50.1 0.172 17.8 0.399 21.6 23.1 12.5 29.6
183 Yemen 0.455 0.307 32.5 1 31.5 26.7 0.493 46.1 0.194 21.8 0.304 18.8 29.4 24.7 36.7
184 Burkina Faso 0.449 0.315 29.8 5 29.3 31.4 0.415 39.2 0.197 17.3 0.381 14.1 37.5 14.6 47.3
185 Mozambique 0.446 0.300 32.7 0 32.4 28.3 0.434 40.5 0.232 28.4 0.269 11.8 45.5 31.1 54.0
186 Mali 0.428 0.291 32.0 -2 31.1 32.8 0.403 43.9 0.159 16.6 0.386 18.7 28.2 9.7 36.1
187 Burundi 0.426 0.302 29.1 3 28.7 25.6 0.477 39.5 0.243 20.9 0.238 17.9 31.0 14.7 38.6
188 Central African Republic 0.404 0.240 40.6 -3 40.1 36.0 0.334 35.2 0.238 49.2 0.174 10.3 h 46.2 h 31.0 56.2 h
189 Niger 0.400 0.292 27.0 2 26.7 28.7 0.456 35.0 0.172 16.4 0.318 19.0 31.1 11.6 37.3
190 Chad 0.394 0.251 36.3 1 36.0 38.6 0.307 42.9 0.176 26.5 0.290 18.2 29.7 15.7 37.5
191 South Sudan 0.385 0.245 36.4 1 36.3 37.0 0.339 39.6 0.208 32.3 0.209 12.5 g 33.2 g 15.5 44.1
Other countries or territories
.. Korea (Democratic People's Rep. of) .. .. .. .. .. 11.0 0.730 .. .. .. .. .. .. 14.8 ..
.. Monaco .. .. .. .. .. 3.4 0.966 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. Nauru .. .. .. .. .. 13.5 0.581 .. .. .. .. 19.4 27.3 .. 34.8
.. Somalia .. .. .. .. .. 38.3 0.335 .. .. 24.4 0.265 .. .. 12.4 36.8
Human development groups
Very high human development 0.896 0.805 10.2 ? 9.9 4.7 0.858 6.3 0.814 18.8 0.746 18.4 27.6 15.8 ?
High human development 0.754 0.627 16.8 ? 16.5 8.0 0.774 13.9 0.579 27.5 0.550 17.0 31.0 16.8 ?
Medium human development 0.636 0.481 24.4 ? 24.0 17.3 0.604 33.6 0.372 21.0 0.496 19.0 30.3 20.3 ?
Low human development 0.518 0.359 30.7 ? 30.3 28.9 0.452 38.9 0.260 23.1 0.395 18.6 29.5 15.8 ?
Developing countries 0.685 0.538 21.5 ? 21.4 14.9 0.653 25.0 0.445 24.2 0.535 18.0 30.4 17.9 ?
Regions
Arab States 0.708 0.534 24.6 ? 24.2 14.1 0.672 33.1 0.408 25.3 0.553 20.8 26.6 17.9 ?
East Asia and the Pacific 0.749 0.630 15.9 ? 15.5 7.9 0.788 13.4 0.559 25.4 0.569 17.6 29.5 15.1 ?
Europe and Central Asia 0.796 0.714 10.3 ? 10.3 7.3 0.754 7.0 0.726 16.5 0.664 19.7 26.7 15.3 ?
Latin America and the Caribbean 0.754 0.601 20.3 ? 19.6 10.1 0.721 14.8 0.605 33.9 0.497 13.6 36.7 23.7 ?
South Asia 0.632 0.476 24.7 ? 24.3 17.6 0.606 36.2 0.347 18.9 0.511 20.1 29.3 20.3 ?
Sub-Saharan Africa 0.547 0.383 30.0 ? 29.9 28.3 0.442 34.3 0.319 27.1 0.397 16.2 32.6 16.2 ?
Least developed countries 0.540 0.390 27.8 ? 27.6 24.2 0.516 36.1 0.292 22.5 0.393 17.9 30.9 16.9 ?
Small island developing states 0.730 0.557 23.7 ? 23.3 15.0 0.658 22.1 0.505 32.9 0.519 .. .. 18.3 ?
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 0.899 0.800 11.0 ? 10.6 4.9 0.863 6.7 0.808 20.4 0.735 17.7 28.8 16.2 ?
World 0.732 0.590 19.4 ? 19.4 13.2 0.686 21.7 0.503 23.2 0.594 18.1 29.9 17.4 ?
Notes
a. See https://hdr.undp.org/inequality-adjusted-human-development-index for the list of surveys used to estimate inequalities.
b. Based on countries for which an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index value is calculated.
c. Calculated by HDRO based on data from period life tables from UNDESA (2022a).
d. Data refer to 2021 or the most recent year available.
e. Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
f. Refers to 2020.
g. Refers to 2009.
h. Refers to 2008.
Definitions
Human Development Index (HDI): A composite index measuring average achievement in three basic dimensions of human development?a long and healthy life, knowledge and a decent standard of living. See Technical note 1 at http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2022_technical_notes.pdf for details on how the HDI is calculated.
Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI): HDI value adjusted for inequalities in the three basic dimensions of human development. See Technical note 2 at http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2022_technical_notes.pdf for details on how the IHDI is calculated.
Overall loss: Percentage difference between the IHDI value and the HDI value.
Difference from HDI rank: Difference in ranks on the IHDI and the HDI, calculated only for countries for which an IHDI value is calculated.
Coefficient of human inequality: Average inequality in the three basic dimensions of human development.
Inequality in life expectancy: Inequality in distribution of expected length of life based on data from life tables estimated using the Atkinson inequality index.
Inequality-adjusted life expectancy index: HDI life expectancy index value adjusted for inequality in distribution of expected length of life based on data from life tables listed in Main data sources.
Inequality in education: Inequality in distribution of years of schooling based on data from household surveys estimated using the Atkinson inequality index.
Inequality-adjusted education index: HDI education index value adjusted for inequality in distribution of years of schooling based on data from household surveys listed in Main data sources.
Inequality in income: Inequality in income distribution based on data from household surveys estimated using the Atkinson inequality index.
Inequality-adjusted income index: HDI income index value adjusted for inequality in income distribution based on data from household surveys listed in Main data sources.
Income shares: Percentage share of income (or consumption) that accrues to the indicated population subgroups.
Income share held by richest 1%: Share of pretax national income held by the richest 1 percent of the population. Pretax national income is the sum of all pretax personal income flows accruing to the owners of the production factors, labour and capital before the tax/transfer system is taken into account and after the pension system is taken into account.
Gini coefficient: Measure of the deviation of the distribution of income among individuals or households in a country from a perfectly equal distribution. A value of 0 represents absolute equality, a value of 100 absolute inequality.
Main data sources
Column 1: HDRO calculations based on data from Barro and Lee (2018), IMF (2022), UNDESA (2022a), UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2022), United Nations Statistics Division (2022) and World Bank (2022).
Column 2: Calculated as the geometric mean of the values in the inequality-adjusted life expectancy index, inequality-adjusted education index and inequality-adjusted income index using the methodology in Technical note 2 (available at http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2022_technical_notes.pdf).
Column 3: Calculated based on data in columns 1 and 2.
Column 4: Calculated based on IHDI values and recalculated HDI ranks for countries for which an IHDI value is calculated.
Column 5: Calculated as the arithmetic mean of the values in inequality in life expectancy, inequality in education and inequality in income using the methodology in Technical note 2 (available at http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2022_technical_notes.pdf).
Column 6: Calculated based on complete life tables from UNDESA (2022a).
Column 7: Calculated based on inequality in life expectancy and the HDI life expectancy index.
Columns 8 and 10: Calculated based on data from the Center for Distributive, Labor and Social Studies and the World Bank's Socio-Economic Database for Latin America and the Caribbean; Eurostat's European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions; ICF Macro Demographic and Health Surveys; the Luxembourg Income Study database; United Nations Children's Fund Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys; the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Institute for Statistics; the World Bank's International Income Distribution Database; and the World Income Inequality Database using the methodology in Technical note 2 (available at http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2022_technical_notes.pdf).
Column 9: Calculated based on inequality in education and the HDI education index.
Column 11: Calculated based on inequality in income and the HDI income index.
Columns 12, 13 and 15: World Bank (2022).
Column 14: World Inequality Database (2022).
Source

Human Development Indices: A statistical update 2022

Source:  United Nations Development Programme

The Human Development Report is a reliable source and an alternative perspective on critical issues for human development worldwide. Featuring the Human Development Index, every report presents agenda-setting data and analysis and calls international attention to issues and policy options that put people at the center of strategies to meet the challenges of development today - economic, social, political, and cultural.
Last update in UNdata: 2022/12/12
Next update in UNdata: 2023/12/01
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