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General Information

Region		Asia
Population (000, 2024)		309 351^a
Pop. density (per km2, 2024)		64.6^a
Surface area (km2)		4 805 058^b
Sex ratio (m per 100 f)		109.7^a

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	3 005 632	2 978 931	4 170 551^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	4.1	-3.1	6.6^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	11 367.0	10 405.8	14 216.8^b
Employment in agriculture^c,d (% of employed)	8.5	7.7	7.6^b
Employment in industry^c,d (% of employed)	26.2	25	23.4^b
Employment in services^c,d (% employed)	65.2	67.3	69^b
Unemployment^d,e (% of labour force)	8.5	10.9	9.8
Labour force participation rate^d,e (female/male pop. %)	18.2 / 74.2	18.9 / 72.6	19.7 / 73.9
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	101	121	125^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	982 225	977 418	1 561 703^f
International trade: imports (million current US$)	961 378	877 637	1 446 138^f
International trade: balance (million current US$)	20 847	99 780	115 565^f

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate (average annual %)	2.4	1.4	1.7^a
Urban population (% of total population)	70.4	72^g	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	2.7^h	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	2.9	2.6	2.5^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	76.7 / 70.8	77.0 / 71.2	78.1 / 73.2^a
Population age distributionⁱ (0-14/60+ years old, %)	30.0 / 7.7	29.2 / 8.5	27.8 / 9.3^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	39 897.2 / 15.5	46 599.8 / 16.7	... / ...
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	25.2	21.6	20.8^a
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	93.0 / 98.5^d	89.5 / 94.9	90.7 / 96.4^d,b
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	81.7 / 85.3^d	81.5 / 85.1	78.4 / 82.1^d,b
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	74.5 / 77.6^d	71.9 / 78.0	77.4 / 82.2^d,b
Intentional homicide rate^d (per 100 000 pop.)	4.6	4.5	4.6^b
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	12.8	15.6^j	17.1^j

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	50	69.4	78.5^f
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.8	1.1	1.1^k
Forested area^d (% of land area)	6.2	6.3	6.4^k
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	17.1	18.2	19.1^f
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	75.7 / ...	76.2 / ...	76.1 / ...^b
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	58.0 / 50.5	63.5 / 55.3	65.3 / 56.3^b
Net Official Development Assist. received^l,m (% of GNI)	1.91	4.36	8.09^k

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2022
c		Data excludes Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Georgia, Israel and Türkiye.
d		Estimate.
e		Data excludes Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Georgia and Türkiye
f		2023
g		2019
h		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
i		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
j		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
k		2021
l		Including regional aid disbursements in addition to the disbursements made to individual countries and areas.
m		Excluding Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Georgia and Türkiye. Includes Iran (Islamic Rep. of).