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General Information

Region		Asia
Population (000, 2025)		314 297^a
Pop. density (per km2, 2025)		65.6^a
Surface area (km2)		4 805 058^b
Sex ratio (m per 100 f)		109.7^a

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2025
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	3 006 656	2 974 044	4 267 407^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	4.1	-2.8	2.1^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	11 366.0	10 354.0	14 059.0^b
Employment in agriculture^c,d (% of employed)	8.8	8	7.7^b
Employment in industry^c,d (% of employed)	26.1	24.7	22.9^b
Employment in services^c,d (% employed)	65.1	67.2	69.4^b
Unemployment^c,e (% of labour force)	8.7	11.2	9.4
Labour force participation rate^c,e (female/male pop. %)	17.8 / 73.7	18.5 / 72.6	19.2 / 73.4
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	101	121	125^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	982 227	963 528	1 619 188^f
International trade: imports (million current US$)	961 378	885 798	1 489 121^f
International trade: balance (million current US$)	20 849	77 729	130 067^f

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Population growth rate (average annual %)	2.4	1.4	1.5^a
Urban population (% of total population)	70.4	72^g	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	2.7^h	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	2.9	2.6	2.5^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	76.7 / 70.8	77.0 / 71.2	78.4 / 73.5^a
Population age distributionⁱ (0-14/60+ years old, %)	30.0 / 7.7	29.2 / 8.5	27.4 / 9.5^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	41 799.2 / 15.8	45 765.9 / 15.9	49 211.7 / 15.9^f
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	25.2	21.6	19.9^a
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio^c (f/m per 100 pop.)	92.9 / 98.5	91.5 / 97.2	93.1 / 99.3^b
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	82.5 / 86.7^c	82.4 / 86.2	81.3 / 85.4^c,b
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	74.3 / 79.0^c	73.5 / 78.3	81.4 / 86.2^c,b
Intentional homicide rate^c (per 100 000 pop.)	4.6	4.2	4.8^b
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	12.8	15.6^j	18^j

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	49.5	67.7	79.7^f
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.8	1.1	1.1^k
Forested area^c (% of land area)	6.2	6.3	6.4^l
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	20.9	22	25.2^f
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	75.7 / ...	76.2 / ...	76.1 / ...^l
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	58.0 / 50.5	63.5 / 55.3	65.3 / 56.3^l
Net Official Development Assist. received^m,n (% of GNI)	1.92	4.26	3.41^b

Footnotes

a		Projected est. (medium fertility variant).
b		2023
c		Estimate.
d		Data excludes Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Georgia, Israel and Turkey.
e		Data excludes Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Georgia and Turkey
f		2024
g		2019
h		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
i		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
j		Data at 1 January of the reporting year.
k		2021
l		2022
m		Excluding Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Georgia and Türkiye. Includes Iran (Islamic Rep. of).
n		Including regional aid disbursements in addition to the disbursements made to individual countries and areas.