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General Information

Region		Eastern Africa
Population (000, 2021)		18 921^a
Pop. density (per km2, 2021)		25.5^a
Capital city		Lusaka
Capital city pop. (000, 2021)		2 646.6^b
UN membership date		01-Dec-64
Surface area (km2)		752 612^b
Sex ratio (m per 100 f)		98.1^a
National currency		Zambian Kwacha (ZMW)
Exchange rate (per US$)		21.2^c

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	20 265	20 859	23 085^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	10.3	2.9	1.4^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	1 489.4	1 313.6	1 292.5^b
Economy: Agriculture^d (% of Gross Value Added)	10	5.3	3.4^b
Economy: Industry^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	34.1	35.3	36.8^b
Economy: Services and other activity^g (% of GVA)	55.9	59.4	59.8^b
Employment in agriculture^h (% of employed)	64.3	51.7	48.5^c
Employment in industry^h (% of employed)	8.8	10.7	10.8^c
Employment in services^h (% employed)	26.9	37.7	40.7^c
Unemployment^h (% of labour force)	13.2	10.1	11.4^c
Labour force participation rate^h (female/male pop. %)	71.1 / 82.5	70.2 / 80.3	70.4 / 79.0^c
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	100ⁱ	144	246^c
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	89	94	110^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	7 200	6 607	7 805^c
International trade: imports (million current US$)	5 321	7 934	5 314^c
International trade: balance (million current US$)	1 879	- 1 328	2 491^c
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	1 525	-768	2 254^c

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rate^j (average annual %)	2.8	3.1	2.9^c
Urban population (% of total population)	39.4	41.9	44.1^b
Urban population growth rate^j (average annual %)	4.1	4.3	...
Fertility rate, total^j (live births per woman)	5.6	5.2	4.7^c
Life expectancy at birth^j (females/males, years)	54.0 / 49.6	61.5 / 57.0	66.2 / 60.3^c
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	47.3 / 3.3	46.2 / 3.3	43.6 / 3.5^a
International migrant stock^k (000/% of total pop.)	150.0 / 1.1	132.1 / 0.8	188.0 / 1.0^c
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	57.9^l	51.8	89^c
Infant mortality rate^j (per 1 000 live births)	64.7	53.3	45.6^c
Health: Current expenditure^m (% of GDP)	3.7	4.4	4.9ⁿ
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.1	...	0.1^o
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	1.1^p	4.6	4.6^h,n
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	107.3 / 106.6	101.6 / 101.3	99.9 / 97.5^q
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	6	5.4	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	14	12.7	16.8^r

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	10	21^h	14.3ⁿ
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.3^i,p	...	...
Threatened species (number)	67	83	121
Forested area^h (% of land area)	62.8	61.5	60.8ⁿ
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	2.2 / 0.2	4.3 / 0.3	6.7 / 0.4ⁿ
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	338	411	469ⁿ
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	28	30	30ⁿ
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	815	932	1 072ⁿ
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	46.1	46.1	46.1^c
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	49.6 / ...	50.1 / ...	50.5 / ...^c
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %)	... / 15.7	... / 19.6	... / 23.8^c
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	4.86	3.83	4.16^b

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2019
c		2020
d		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
e		Includes irrigation canals.
f		Excludes publishing activities.
g		Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
h		Estimate.
i		Break in the time series.
j		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
k		Including refugees.
l		Data as at the end of December.
m		Data revision.
n		2018
o		2016
p		2008
q		2017
r		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.