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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	24 819	9 417	11 007^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	-36.1	1.2	1.5^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	870.3	291.7	326.7^b
Economy: Agriculture (% of Gross Value Added)	18.2	19.6	19.6^b
Economy: Industry (% of Gross Value Added)	20.1	20.9	20.9^b
Economy: Services and other activity (% of GVA)	61.7	59.5	59.5^b
Employment in agriculture^e (% of employed)	30.2	30.1	29.3^b
Employment in industry^e (% of employed)	12.8	11.4	11.7^b
Employment in services^e (% employed)	57.1	58.5	59^b
Unemployment^e (% of labour force)	17.9	18.3	17.4
Labour force participation rate^e (female/male pop. %)	5.2 / 58.0	5.1 / 59.4	5.1 / 60.3
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	158^e,f	...	...
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	100	112	119^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	510	33^e	33^e,g
International trade: imports (million current US$)	6 573	4 750^e	5 099^e,g
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 6 063	- 4 717^e	- 5 066^e,g
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 3 026	- 2 419^h	...

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate (average annual %)	3	2.7	2.9^a
Urban population (% of total population)	34.8	37.3^d	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	4.4ⁱ	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	4.6	4.6	4.5^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	69.7 / 64.0	69.8 / 63.3	71.5 / 67.4^a
Population age distribution^j (0-14/60+ years old, %)	41.8 / 4.0	41.4 / 3.9	41.1 / 4.0^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	379.9 / 1.4^k,l	387.1 / 1.3^k,l	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	1 540.5	4 010.0	4 594.5^g
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	49.8	43.4	38.8^a
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	4.3^m,n	...	...
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.3^f	...	...
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	5.5^o	...	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	81.8 / 96.6^p	78.4 / 89.2^h	... / ...
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	44.2 / 62.7^p	47.6 / 63.2^h	... / ...
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	29.4 / 43.5^p	31.7 / 44.9^h	... / ...
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	6.3^p	...	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	0.3	0.3^q,r	0^q,s

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internet^e (per 100 inhabitants)	24.1	13.8	17.7^b
Threatened species (number)	287	313	342^g
Forested area (% of land area)	1	1	1^t
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	12.0 / 0.4	8.6 / 0.3	8.4 / 0.3^t
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	173	164	154^t
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	6	4	4^t
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	367^u	...	...
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	27.9	27.9	27.9^g
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	61.4 / ...	60.6 / ...	60.5 / ...^b
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	4.33	13.54	...

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2022
c		Data refers to the urban agglomeration.
d		2019
e		Estimate.
f		2014
g		2023
h		2016
i		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
j		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
k		Including refugees.
l		Refers to foreign citizens.
m		Estimates should be viewed with caution as these are derived from scarce data.
n		Data based on calendar year (January 1 to December 31).
o		2012
p		2013
q		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
r		Data corresponds to the composition of the House of Representatives elected in 2003, and of the Consultative Council appointed in 2001.
s		Corresponds to the composition of the House of Representatives elected in 2003.
t		2021
u		Including nationals residing abroad.