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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2025
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	239 258	346 616	429 717^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	7	2.9	5^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	2 578.0	3 534.0	4 282.0^b
Economy: Agriculture^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	15.9	13.9	13.1^b
Economy: Industry^f,h (% of Gross Value Added)	37.7	40.3	40.5^b
Economy: Services and other activity^f,i (% of GVA)	46.4	45.9	46.4^b
Employment in agriculture^j (% of employed)	44	32.6	33^b
Employment in industry^j (% of employed)	22.7	31.1	31.2^b
Employment in services^j (% employed)	33.2	36.3	35.8^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	1.8	2.1	1.2^j
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	72.9 / 82.4	69.1 / 80.0	68.8 / 78.2^j
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	145	169	190^e
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	101	108	118^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	162 017	281 441	396 249^j,e
International trade: imports (million current US$)	165 776	261 309	370 799^j,e
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 3 759	20 132	25 450^j,e
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 2 041	15 060	28 047^e

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Population growth rate (average annual %)	1.2	0.9	0.6^a
Urban population (% of total population)	33.8	36.6^d	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	3.2^k	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	2.1	2	1.9^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	78.7 / 69.1	80.3 / 70.4	79.5 / 70.2^a
Population age distribution^l (0-14/60+ years old, %)	24.0 / 9.9	24.4 / 11.9	22.9 / 14.5^a
International migrant stock^m,n (000/% of total pop.)	101.4 / 0.1	200.6 / 0.2	326.4 / 0.3^e
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	11	30.6	26.8^e
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	22.1	21	19.3^a
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	4.7	4.3	4.6^j,o
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.8	0.9	1.1^p
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	102.4 / 104.1	100.3 / 105.3	102.9 / 107.4^b
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	92.2 / 93.3	93.4 / 96.9	95.0 / 98.4^b
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	72.5 / 97.1	83.7 / 96.7	84.0 / 92.3^o
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	1.5^q	...	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	24.3	26.7^r	31.4^r

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	45^j,s	70.3^t	78.1^t,b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.4	0.4^d	0.4^p
Threatened species (number)	565	738	1 180^e
Forested area (% of land area)	44.9	46.7	47.2^o
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	181.5 / 2.0	311.1 / 3.2	272.5 / 2.7^o
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	3 035	2 337	2 724^o
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	35	44	43^o
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^u (000)	7 944	3 837	3 661^o
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	39.8	39.8	39.8^e
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	75.0 / 43.3	75.6 / 45.5	75.8 / 46.4^o
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	40.5 / 40.4	40.7 / 44.0	40.8 / 45.4^o
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	1.4	0.35	0.2^b

Footnotes

a		Projected est. (medium fertility variant).
b		2023
c		Refers to urban population in the city districts.
d		2019
e		2024
f		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
g		Exc. irrigation canals and landscaping care.
h		Exc. publishing activities. Inc. irrigation canals.
i		Inc. publishing activities and landscape care. Exc. repair of personal and household goods.
j		Estimate.
k		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
l		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
m		Including refugees.
n		Refers to foreign citizens.
o		2022
p		2021
q		2011
r		Data at 1 January of the reporting year.
s		Population aged 18 years and over.
t		Population aged 6 years and over.
u		Including nationals residing abroad.