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General Information

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	46 909	81 847	57 921^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	8.5	7.4	5.6^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	1 645.0	2 646.3	1 756.2^b
Economy: Agriculture^e (% of Gross Value Added)	32.6	33.6	27.3^b
Economy: Industry^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	25.7	25.9	35.5^b
Economy: Services and other activity^h (% of GVA)	41.7	40.5	37.2^b
Employment in agricultureⁱ (% of employed)	30.9	26.7	23.3^d
Employment in industryⁱ (% of employed)	25.4	27.7	29.9^d
Employment in servicesⁱ (% employed)	43.6	45.6	46.8^d
Unemploymentⁱ (% of labour force)	5.4	5.2	6.1^d
Labour force participation rateⁱ (female/male pop. %)	51.6 / 75.4	52.3 / 77.4	52.3 / 78.1^d
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	...	...	173^j,k,d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	74	101	102^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	11 688ⁱ	12 871ⁱ	13 281^d
International trade: imports (million current US$)	8 680ⁱ	12 416ⁱ	20 020^d
International trade: balance (million current US$)	3 008ⁱ	455ⁱ	- 6 740^d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	2 517	888	- 3 138^d

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rate^m (average annual %)	1.5	1.6	1.6^d
Urban population (% of total population)	51	50.8	50.4^b
Urban population growth rate^m (average annual %)	2.5	1.5	...
Fertility rate, total^m (live births per woman)	2.5	2.4	2.4^d
Life expectancy at birth^m (females/males, years)	72.2 / 66.1	72.7 / 67.8	73.6 / 69.4^d
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	29.1 / 6.2	28.4 / 6.9	28.7 / 8.6^a
International migrant stockⁿ (000/% of total pop.)	1 220.1 / 4.3	1 170.9 / 3.8	1 162.0 / 3.5^d
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	0.3^o	86.8	92.8^d
Infant mortality rate^m (per 1 000 live births)	40.7	27.7	20.8^d
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	5.1	5	5.3^p
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	2.5	2.4^q	...
Education: Government expenditureⁱ (% of GDP)	...	5.8	5.3^r
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	93.1 / 94.7	99.2 / 100.6	101.6 / 102.8^b
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	89.9 / 89.8	91.3 / 92.4	97.1 / 97.7^b
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	82.3 / 81.4	89.6 / 90.4	96.6 / 94.0^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	3^s	1.6	1.1^r
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	22	16	32.7^t

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	15.9ⁱ	42.8ⁱ	55.2^p
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.2	0.2	0.1^p
Threatened species (number)	50	54	62
Forested area (% of land area)	7.9ⁱ	8.1	8.3^p
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	119.6 / 4.2	97.0 / 3.1	108.0 / 3.3^p
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	2 309	2 058	2 310^p
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	63	56	60^p
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	975	1 918	5 346^p
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	15.4	15.4	17.7^d
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	85.4 / 30.2	85.9 / 30.9	86.1 / 31.1^d
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	0.42	0.54	1.96^b

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2019
c		UN operational exchange rate.
d		2020
e		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
f		Includes irrigation canals.
g		Excludes publishing activities.
h		Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		Base: 2016 = 100
k		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
l		Areas not elsewhere specified.
m		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
n		Including refugees.
o		Data as at the end of December.
p		2018
q		2014
r		2017
s		2008
t		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.