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General Information

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	14 992 052	18 238 301	21 433 226^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	2.6	3.1	2.2^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	48 516.2	56 838.7	65 133.7^b
Economy: Agriculture^c (% of Gross Value Added)	1	1	0.8^b
Economy: Industry^d,e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	19.7	18.8	18.4^b
Economy: Services and other activity^g (% of GVA)	79.3	80.2	80.8^b
Employment in agriculture (% of employed)	1.4	1.4	1.3^h,i
Employment in industry (% of employed)	19.6	19.9	19.7^h,i
Employment in services (% employed)	78.9	78.7	79^h,i
Unemployment^h (% of labour force)	9.6	5.3	3.9ⁱ
Labour force participation rate^h (female/male pop. %)	57.5 / 69.9	55.8 / 68.4	55.9 / 67.9ⁱ
CPI: Consumer Price Index^j (2010=100)	100	109	119ⁱ
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	92	97	100^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	1 278 099	1 501 846	1 430 254ⁱ
International trade: imports (million current US$)	1 968 260	2 313 425	2 405 382ⁱ
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 690 161	- 811 579	- 975 128ⁱ
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 432 002	- 407 356	- 647 218ⁱ

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rate^k (average annual %)	0.9	0.8	0.6ⁱ
Urban population (% of total population)	80.8	81.7	82.5^b
Urban population growth rate^k (average annual %)	1.1	0.9	...
Fertility rate, total^k (live births per woman)	2.1	1.9	1.8ⁱ
Life expectancy at birth^k (females/males, years)	80.7 / 75.7	81.3 / 76.5	81.3 / 76.3ⁱ
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	20.2 / 18.4	19.2 / 20.5	18.2 / 23.3^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	44 183.6 / 14.3	48 178.9 / 15.0	50 632.8 / 15.3ⁱ
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	270.9^l	491.7	1 274.0ⁱ
Infant mortality rate^k (per 1 000 live births)	6.8	6	5.8ⁱ
Health: Current expenditure^m (% of GDP)	16.3	16.7	16.9ⁿ
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	...	...	2.6ⁿ
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	...	5^o	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio^h (f/m per 100 pop.)	99.8 / 100.8	100.3 / 100.3	101.2 / 101.3ⁿ
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio^h (f/m per 100 pop.)	95.4 / 94.3	98.2 / 97.2	98.8 / 99.7ⁿ
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio^h (f/m per 100 pop.)	90.5 / 89.0	95.6 / 93.9	96.1 / 96.9ⁿ
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	4.8	4.9	5ⁿ
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	16.8	19.4	27.3^p

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	71.7^q	74.6^q,r	88.5ⁿ
Research & Development expenditure^s (% of GDP)	2.7	2.7	2.8^h,n
Threatened species (number)	1 152	1 299	1 841
Forested area (% of land area)	33.7	33.9^h	33.9^h,n
CO2 emission estimates^t (million tons/tons per capita)	5 352.1 / 17.3	4 928.6 / 15.4	4 766.4 / 14.5^b
Energy production, primary^u (Petajoules)	72 292	84 620	90 881ⁿ
Energy supply per capita^u (Gigajoules)	301	285	286ⁿ
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	60 010	77 774^v	79 256^b
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	33.6	34.8	34.9ⁱ
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	96.5 / ...	97.0 / ...	97.5 / ...ⁱ
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %)	96.9 / ...	97.2 / ...	97.3 / ...ⁱ
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed^w (% of GNI)	0.2	0.17	0.18^x

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2019
c		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
d		Excludes publishing activities.
e		Gas distribution is included in Wholesale and retail trade.
f		Includes irrigation canals.
g		Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
h		Estimate.
i		2020
j		Urban areas.
k		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
l		Data as at the end of December.
m		Data revision.
n		2018
o		2014
p		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
q		Population aged 3 years and over.
r		Users in the last 6 months.
s		Do not correspond exactly to Frascati Manual recommendations.
t		Including overseas territories.
u		Oil and coal trade statistics include overseas territories.
v		Break in the time series.
w		Development Assistance Committee member (OECD).
x		2017