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General Information

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2020
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	14 992 052	18 224 780	20 580 223^c
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	2.6	2.9	2.9^c
GDP per capita (current US$)	48 516.2	56 796.5	62 917.9^c
Economy: Agriculture^d,e (% of Gross Value Added)	1	1	0.8^c
Economy: Industry^d,e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	19.7	18.8	18.9^c
Economy: Services and other activity^d,e,g,h (% of GVA)	78.4	75.9	76.5^c
Employment in agriculture (% of employed)	1.4	1.4	1.3ⁱ
Employment in industry (% of employed)	19.6	19.9	19.7ⁱ
Employment in services (% employed)	78.9	78.7	79ⁱ
Unemploymentⁱ (% of labour force)	9.6	5.3	3.9
Labour force participation rateⁱ (female/male pop. %)	57.5 / 69.9	55.8 / 68.4	55.9 / 67.9
CPI: Consumer Price Index^j (2010=100)	100	109	117^b
Agricultural production index (2004-2006=100)	106	112	117^k
International trade: exports (million current US$)	1 278 100	1 501 850	1 644 280^b
International trade: imports (million current US$)	1 968 260	2 313 420	2 567 490^b
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 690 161	- 811 579	- 923 216^b
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 431 271	- 407 769	- 498 350^b

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2020
Population growth rate^l (average annual %)	0.9	0.8	0.6
Urban population (% of total population)	80.8	81.7	82.5^b
Urban population growth rate^l (average annual %)	1.1	0.9	...
Fertility rate, total^l (live births per woman)	2.1	1.9	1.8
Life expectancy at birth^l (females/males, years)	80.7 / 75.7	81.3 / 76.5	81.3 / 76.3
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	20.2 / 18.4	19.2 / 20.5	18.4 / 22.9
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	44 183.6 / 14.3	48 178.9 / 15.0	50 661.1 / 15.4^b
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	270.9^m	491.7	1 043.2^n,b
Infant mortality rate^l (per 1 000 live births)	6.8	6	5.8
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	16.4	16.8^o	17.1^o,a
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	2.4	2.6	2.6^a
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	...	5^p	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratioⁱ (f/m per 100 pop.)	99.8 / 100.8	100.3 / 100.3	101.4 / 102.2^a
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratioⁱ (f/m per 100 pop.)	95.4 / 94.3	98.2 / 97.2	98.7 / 99.2^a
Education: Tertiary gross enrol. ratioⁱ (f/m per 100 pop.)	108.3 / 77.7	102.7 / 75.8	102.0 / 75.0^a
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	4.8	4.9	5^c
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	16.8	19.4	23.4^q,r

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2020
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	71.7^s	74.6^s	87.3^a
Research & Development expenditure^t (% of GDP)	2.7	2.7	2.8^i,c
Threatened species (number)	1 152	1 299	1 655
Forested area (% of land area)	33.7	33.9ⁱ	33.9^i,a
CO2 emission estimates^u (million tons/tons per capita)	5 352.1 / 17.3	4 928.6 / 15.3	4 761.3 / 14.6^a
Energy production, primary^v (Petajoules)	72 292	84 453	83 352^a
Energy supply per capita^v (Gigajoules)	301	286	278^a
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	60 010	77 774^w	79 746^c
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	49.4	51.2	51.2^b
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	99.7 / ...	99.7 / ...	99.7 / ...^a
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %)	95.2 / ...	95.5 / ...	95.5 / ...^a
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed^x (% of GNI)	0.2	0.17	0.18^a

Footnotes

a		2017
b		2019
c		2018
d		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
e		Including taxes less subsidies on production and imports.
f		Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation and canals.
g		Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
h		Excludes computer and related activities and radio/TV activities.
i		Estimate.
j		Urban areas.
k		2016
l		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
m		Data as at the end of December.
n		Figures for asylum-seekers in the United States of America pertain to mid-2019 for claims reported by the Department of Homeland Security and end-2018 for claims reported by the Executive Office for Immigration Review.
o		Data revision.
p		2014
q		Total refers to all voting members of the House of Representatives.
r		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
s		Population aged 3 years and over.
t		Do not correspond exactly to Frascati Manual recommendations.
u		Including overseas territories.
v		Oil and coal trade statistics include overseas territories.
w		Break in the time series.
x		Development Assistance Committee member (OECD).