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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2025
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	18 295 019	21 354 100	27 720 700^c
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	2.9	-2.2	2.9^c
GDP per capita (current US$)	56 098.0	62 911.0	80 706.0^c
Economy: Agriculture^e,f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	1	0.8	1^c
Economy: Industry^e,g,h (% of Gross Value Added)	18.9	17.4	18^c
Economy: Services and other activity^e,i (% of GVA)	80.1	81.8	81^c
Employment in agriculture^j (% of employed)	1.8	1.7	1.6^c
Employment in industry^j (% of employed)	19.6	19.4	19.3^c
Employment in services^j (% employed)	78.7	78.8	79.1^c
Unemployment (% of labour force)	5.3	8.1	4.3^j
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	55.9 / 68.6	55.7 / 67.4	56.4 / 67.2^j
CPI: Consumer Price Index^k (2010=100)	109	119	144^l
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	97	103	104^c
International trade: exports (million current US$)	1 501 846	1 430 254	2 063 803^l
International trade: imports (million current US$)	2 313 425	2 405 382	3 356 813^l
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 811 579	- 975 128	-1 293 010^l
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 408 447	- 601 207	-1 133 619^l

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Population growth rate^b (average annual %)	0.9	0.2	0.5^a
Urban population (% of total population)	81.7	82.5^d	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	0.9^m	...	...
Fertility rate, total^b (live births per woman)	1.8	1.6	1.6^a
Life expectancy at birth^b (females/males, years)	81.1 / 76.3	79.9 / 74.3	82.1 / 77.2^a
Population age distribution^b,n (0-14/60+ years old, %)	19.2 / 20.2	18.4 / 22.3	17.1 / 24.6^a
International migrant stock^o (000/% of total pop.)	47 943.0 / 14.7	50 471.0 / 14.9	52 375.0 / 15.2^l
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	491.7	1 274.0	3 619.5^p,l
Under five mortality rate^b (per 1000 live births)	6.9	6.2	5.7^a
Health: Current expenditure^r (% of GDP)	16.5^q	18.8	16.5^s
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	...	3.5	3.7^s
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio^j (f/m per 100 pop.)	100.3 / 100.3	100.1 / 100.5	97.0 / 97.0^s
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio ^j (f/m per 100 pop.)	100.7 / 100.4	101.7 / 104.1	99.7 / 99.6^s
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio^j (f/m per 100 pop.)	95.6 / 93.9	97.1 / 99.0	97.6 / 93.1^s
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	4.9	6.4	5.8^c
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	19.4	23.4^t,u	28.7^u

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	74.6^v,w	90.3^j	93.1^j,c
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	2.8^q	3.5^x	3.5^x,y,z
Threatened species (number)	1 299	1 655	2 085^l
Forested area (% of land area)	33.9	33.9	33.9^s
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	5 016.5 / 15.4	4 320.2 / 12.7	4 647.9 / 13.6^s
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	84 553	90 415	97 148^s
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	281	252	267^s
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	77 774^q	19 212	50 870^s
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	38.3	38.6	38.6^l
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	97.0 / ...	97.4 / ...	97.6 / ...^s
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	97.2 / ...	97.2 / ...	97.2 / ...^s
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed (% of GNI)	0.21	0.02	0.65^c

Footnotes

a		Projected est. (medium fertility variant).
b		For statistical purposes, the data for United States of America do not include American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and United States Virgin Islands.
c		2023
d		2019
e		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
f		Exc. irrigation canals and landscaping care.
g		Inc. taxes less subsidies on production and imports.
h		Exc. publishing activities. Inc. irrigation canals.
i		Inc. publishing activities and landscape care. Exc. repair of personal and household goods.
j		Estimate.
k		All urban consumers.
l		2024
m		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
n		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
o		For statistical purposes, the foreign-born population includes persons born in Puerto Rico, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, and the United States Virgin Islands.
p		The United States of America has also offered temporary status in certain circumstances to people in need of international protection. UNHCR is in discussions with the U.S. government about how to best reflect such datapoints for all relevant populations in future reporting cycles.
q		Break in the time series.
r		Data are based on SHA2011.
s		2022
t		Total refers to all voting members of the House of Representatives.
u		Data at 1 January of the reporting year.
v		Population aged 3 years and over.
w		Users in the last 6 months.
x		Do not correspond exactly to Frascati Manual recommendations.
y		Provisional data.
z		2021