UNData app

General Information

Region		Western Asia
Population (000, 2021)		85 043^a
Pop. density (per km2, 2021)		110.5^a
Capital city		Ankara
Capital city pop. (000, 2021)		5 018.0^c,b
UN membership date		24-Oct-45
Surface area (km2)		783 562^b
Sex ratio (m per 100 f)		97.5^a
National currency		Turkish Lira (TRY)
Exchange rate (per US$)		7.4^d

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	776 967	864 314	761 426^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	8.4	6.1	0.9^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	10 742.4	11 006.2	9 126.6^b
Economy: Agriculture^e (% of Gross Value Added)	10.2	7.8	7.1^b
Economy: Industry^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	27.8	31.6	30.2^b
Economy: Services and other activity^h (% of GVA)	62	60.6	62.7^b
Employment in agriculture (% of employed)	23.7	20.4	18^i,d
Employment in industry (% of employed)	26.2	27.2	26.1^i,d
Employment in services (% employed)	50.1	52.4	55.9^i,d
Unemploymentⁱ (% of labour force)	10.7	10.2	12.9^d
Labour force participation rateⁱ (female/male pop. %)	27.0 / 69.6	31.4 / 71.6	33.9 / 72.4^d
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	100ⁱ	146ⁱ	263^d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	86	102	111^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	113 883	143 850	169 658^d
International trade: imports (million current US$)	185 544	207 207	219 514^d
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 71 661	- 63 356	- 49 856^d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 44 620	- 27 314	- 37 315^d

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rate^j (average annual %)	1.3	1.6	1.4^d
Urban population (% of total population)	70.8	73.6	75.6^b
Urban population growth rate^j (average annual %)	2.1	2.4	...
Fertility rate, total^j (live births per woman)	2.2	2.1	2.1^d
Life expectancy at birth^j (females/males, years)	76.9 / 69.9	78.7 / 72.4	80.2 / 74.3^d
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	26.9 / 10.4	25.6 / 11.5	23.6 / 13.5^a
International migrant stock^k (000/% of total pop.)	1 373.7 / 1.9	4 346.2 / 5.5	6 052.7 / 7.2^d
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	17.8^l	1 985.3	3 905.7^d
Infant mortality rate^j (per 1 000 live births)	16.4	11.8	8.9^d
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	5	4.1	4.1^m
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	1.7	1.8	1.8^m
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	2.8ⁿ	...	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	100.6 / 102.0	102.7 / 103.4	94.4 / 95.4^m
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	80.5 / 87.9	101.5 / 104.2	103.2 / 105.7^m
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	67.5 / 77.4	102.9 / 109.8	101.9 / 108.0^m
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	4.2	2.8	2.6^m
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	9.1	14.4	17.3^o

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	39.8^p,q	53.7^p	74^b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.8	0.9	1^r
Threatened species (number)	150	370	442
Forested area (% of land area)	27.4	28.1	28.5^m
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	267.8 / 3.7	319.0 / 4.1	371.4 / 4.5^b
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	1 355	1 317	1 671^m
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	61	69	73^m
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^s (000)	31 364	39 478	45 768^m
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	2.3	2.3	2.3^d
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %)	69.8 / 64.9	74.7 / 72.6	78.0 / 79.9^d
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed (% of GNI)	0.13	0.5	0.95^r
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	0.14	0.25	0.09^b

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2019
c		Refers to Altindag, Cankaya, Etimesgut, Golbasi, Keçioren, Mamak, Sincan and Yenimahalle.
d		2020
e		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
f		Excludes publishing activities.
g		Includes irrigation canals.
h		Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
k		Including refugees.
l		Data as at the end of December.
m		2018
n		2006
o		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
p		Users in the last 12 months.
q		Population aged 16 to 74 years.
r		2017
s		Turkish citizens resident abroad are included.