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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	45 779	42 538	46 181^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	2.4	-8.6	2.5^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	3 960.9	3 497.7	3 737.5^b
Economy: Agriculture^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	9.9	11.3	10.5^b
Economy: Industry^g (% of Gross Value Added)	26.8	23.4	24.8^b
Economy: Services and other activity^g,h (% of GVA)	63.3	65.3	64.7^b
Employment in agricultureⁱ (% of employed)	14.8	14.5	14^b
Employment in industryⁱ (% of employed)	33.1	33.3	33.4^b
Employment in servicesⁱ (% employed)	52.1	52.2	52.6^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	15.2	18.6ⁱ	17.7ⁱ
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	26.1 / 68.9	25.2 / 65.3ⁱ	26.9 / 68.9ⁱ
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	127ⁱ	168	210^e
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	115	123	109^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	14 073	13 861	20 280^i,e
International trade: imports (million current US$)	20 223	18 445	25 897^i,e
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 6 149	- 4 585	- 5 617^i,e
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 3 924	- 2 524	- 4 018^b

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate (average annual %)	1.1	0.8	0.6^a
Urban population (% of total population)	68.1	69.3^d	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	1.6^j	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	2.3	2	1.8^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	77.4 / 72.4	77.7 / 72.4	79.3 / 74.1^a
Population age distribution^k (0-14/60+ years old, %)	24.7 / 10.9	25.1 / 12.8	24.0 / 14.4^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	56.5 / 0.5^l,m	60.1 / 0.5^l,m	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	1	4.7	8.5^e
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	17.3	13.3	11.5^a
Health: Current expenditureⁿ (% of GDP)	6.2^o	7.1ⁱ	7^i,p
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	1.3	1.3	1.3^p
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	6.2	...	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	105.9 / 106.3	104.3 / 106.2	102.7 / 105.0^b
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	100.7 / 101.3	104.2 / 101.4	107.2 / 103.6^b
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	78.4 / 66.6^q	87.4 / 69.9^r	... / ...
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	3^s	4.6	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	31.3	24.9^t	15.7^t

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	46.5	68.6^i,u	73.8^i,u,b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.6	0.7^d	...
Threatened species (number)	83	107	128^e
Forested area (% of land area)	4.5	4.5	4.5^p
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	26.0 / 2.3	25.0 / 2.1	26.9 / 2.2^p
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	269	207	235^p
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	40	37	40^p
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^v (000)	5 359	2 012	6 441^b
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	39.8	39.8	39.8^e
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	83.6 / 61.0	77.3 / 66.1	77.4 / 67.1^b
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	84.1 / 51.8	88.9 / 62.9	88.9 / 62.9^b
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	1.12	2.38	2.4^p

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2022
c		Refers to Grand Tunis.
d		2019
e		2023
f		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
g		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
h		Includes publishing activities and landscape care. Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
k		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
l		Refers to foreign citizens.
m		Including refugees.
n		Data based on calendar year (January 1 to December 31).
o		Data are based on SHA2011.
p		2021
q		2011
r		2016
s		2012
t		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
u		Population aged 10 years and over.
v		Including nationals residing abroad.