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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2025
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	45 779	42 538	48 541^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	2.4	-8.6	0.4^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	4 015.0	3 553.0	3 979.0^b
Economy: Agriculture^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	9.9	11.3	10^b
Economy: Industry^f,h (% of Gross Value Added)	26.8	23.4	24.7^b
Economy: Services and other activity^f,i (% of GVA)	63.3	65.3	65.3^b
Employment in agriculture^j (% of employed)	14.8	13.6	12.8^b
Employment in industry^j (% of employed)	33.1	34.1	33.3^b
Employment in services^j (% employed)	52.1	52.3	53.8^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	15.2	17.7^j	15.8^j
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	26.1 / 69.7	27.1 / 67.7^j	26.5 / 64.9^j
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	127^j	168	225^e
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	115	123	105^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	14 073	13 861^j	20 253^j,e
International trade: imports (million current US$)	20 223	18 445^j	26 178^j,e
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 6 149	- 4 585^j	- 5 925^j,e
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 3 924	- 2 555	- 1 111^b

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Population growth rate (average annual %)	1.1	0.8	0.6^a
Urban population (% of total population)	68.1	69.3^d	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	1.6^k	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	2.3	2	1.8^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	77.4 / 72.4	77.7 / 72.4	79.5 / 74.3^a
Population age distribution^l (0-14/60+ years old, %)	24.7 / 10.9	25.1 / 12.8	23.6 / 15.0^a
International migrant stock^m,n (000/% of total pop.)	56.5 / 0.5	60.1 / 0.5	63.2 / 0.5^e
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	1	4.7	18.3^e
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	17.3	13.3	11^a
Health: Current expenditure^o (% of GDP)	6.2^p	7.1^j	7^j,q
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	1.3	1.3	1.3^r
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	106.6 / 107.1	103.4 / 104.5	103.5 / 105.3^b
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	99.3 / 99.1	106.7 / 103.0	103.3 / 99.4^b
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	80.3 / 68.3^s	86.7 / 68.5^t	... / ...
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	3^u	4.7	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	31.3	24.9^v	15.8^v

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Individuals using the Internet^w (per 100 inhabitants)	46.5	68.6^j	72.4^j,b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.6	0.7^d	...
Threatened species (number)	83	107	135^e
Forested area (% of land area)	4.5	4.5	4.5^q
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	26.0 / 2.3	25.0 / 2.1	26.5 / 2.2^q
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	275	207	218^q
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	41	37	40^q
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^x (000)	5 359	2 012	6 441^q
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	39.8	39.8	39.8^e
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	83.6 / 61.0	77.3 / 66.1	77.4 / 67.1^q
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	84.1 / 51.8	88.9 / 62.9	88.9 / 62.9^q
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	1.11	2.38	2.6^b

Footnotes

a		Projected est. (medium fertility variant).
b		2023
c		Refers to Grand Tunis.
d		2019
e		2024
f		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
g		Exc. irrigation canals and landscaping care.
h		Exc. publishing activities. Inc. irrigation canals.
i		Inc. publishing activities and landscape care. Exc. repair of personal and household goods.
j		Estimate.
k		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
l		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
m		Refers to foreign citizens.
n		Including refugees.
o		Based on calendar year (January 1 to December 31).
p		Data are based on SHA2011.
q		2022
r		2021
s		2011
t		2016
u		2012
v		Data at 1 January of the reporting year.
w		Population aged 10 years and over.
x		Including nationals residing abroad.