UNData

General Information

Region		Central Asia
Population (000, 2019)		5 942
Pop. density (per km2, 2019)		12.6
Capital city		Ashgabat
Capital city pop. (000, 2019)		828.1
UN membership date		2-Mar-92
Surface area (km2)		488 100^a
Sex ratio (m per 100 f)		97
National currency		Turkmen. Manat (TMT)^b
Exchange rate (per US$)		3.5^c,d

Economic indicators

	2005	2010	2019
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	14 176	22 583	37 915^a
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2010 prices)	13	9.2	6.5^a
GDP per capita (current US$)	2 981.5	4 439.2	6 584.7^a
Economy: Agriculture (% of Gross Value Added)	18.8	11.5	8.9^a
Economy: Industry (% of Gross Value Added)	37.6	60	60.2^a
Economy: Services and other activity (% of GVA)	43.6	28.5	30.9^a
Employment: Agriculture^e (% of employed)	19.1	12.6	7.6
Employment: Industry^e (% of employed)	36.6	45.1	44.8
Employment: Services^e (% employed)	44.2	42.3	47.6
Unemployment (% of labour force)	3.8^e	4	3.3^e
Labour force participation^e (female/male pop. %)	52.1 / 75.2	52.4 / 76.2	52.6 / 78.1
Agricultural production index (2004-2006=100)	104	98	102^f
International trade: Exports^e (million current US$)	3 009	3 335	3 887^d
International trade: Imports^e (million current US$)	2 217	2 400	2 721^d
International trade: Balance (million current US$)	792	935	1 166^d

Social indicators

	2005	2010	2019
Population growth rate^g (average annual %)	1	1.4	1.8^h
Urban population (% of total population)	47.1	48.5	52
Urban population growth rate^g (average annual %)	1.5	2	2.5^h
Fertility rate, total^g (live births per woman)	2.8	2.6	3^h
Life expectancy at birth^g (females/males, years)	68.2 / 60.3	69.6 / 62.2	70.8 / 63.9^h
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	32.6 / 6.1	29.5 / 6.1	30.8 / 7.8
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	213.1 / 4.5	198.0 / 3.9	195.1 / 3.4^a
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	12ⁱ	20.1ⁱ	4.3^d
Infant mortality rate^g (per 1 000 live births)	62	54.1	46.9^h
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	9.6	5	6.6^f
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	4.3^j	2.3	2.2^k
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	...	...	3^l
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	... / ...	... / ...	87.5 / 89.2^k
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	... / ...	... / ...	84.0 / 87.6^k
Education: Tertiary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	... / ...	... / ...	6.2 / 9.7^k
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	4.3	4.2^m	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	26ⁿ	16.8	25

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2005	2010	2019
Individuals using the Internet^e (per 100 inhabitants)	1	3	21.3^a
Threatened species (number)	40^o	45	59
Forested area^e (% of land area)	8.8	8.8	8.8^f
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	48.3 / 10.2	57.3 / 11.4	68.4 / 12.9^k
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	2 584	1 982	3 230^f
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	170	187	204^f
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	12	8^p	...
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	14.4	14.6	14.6^d
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	0.39	0.21	0.07^a

Footnotes

a		2017
b		Turkmenistan New Manat.
c		UN operational exchange rate.
d		2018
e		Estimate.
f		2016
g		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
h		2015
i		Data as at the end of December.
j		2002
k		2014
l		2012
m		2006
n		2000
o		2004
p		2007