| Region | Central Asia | |
| Population (000, 2020) | 6 031 | |
| Pop. density (per km2, 2020) | 12.8 | |
| Capital city | Ashgabat | |
| Capital city pop. (000, 2020) | 828.1c | |
| UN membership date | 02-Mar-92 | |
| Surface area (km2) | 488 100a | |
| Sex ratio (m per 100 f) | 97 | |
| National currency | Turkmen. Manat (TMT)b | |
| Exchange rate (per US$) | 3.5d,c |
| 2010 | 2015 | 2020 | |
| GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$) | 22 583 | 36 052 | 40 749e |
| GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices) | 9.2 | 6.5 | 6.2e |
| GDP per capita (current US$) | 4 439.2 | 6 477.9 | 6 964.6e |
| Economy: Agriculture (% of Gross Value Added) | 11.5 | 9.4 | 9.1e |
| Economy: Industry (% of Gross Value Added) | 60 | 57.8 | 59.8e |
| Economy: Services and other activity (% of GVA) | 65.1 | 76 | 73.5e |
| Employment in agriculturef (% of employed) | 24.8 | 21.9 | 19.5 |
| Employment in industryf (% of employed) | 39.2 | 41.2 | 42.6 |
| Employment in servicesf (% employed) | 36 | 36.9 | 37.9 |
| Unemploymentf (% of labour force) | 4 | 4 | 4.1 |
| Labour force participation ratef (female/male pop. %) | 51.1 / 76.2 | 51.7 / 78.2 | 51.2 / 78.2 |
| Agricultural production index (2004-2006=100) | 98 | 100 | 102g |
| International trade: exportsf (million current US$) | 3 335 | 3 670 | 3 962c |
| International trade: importsf (million current US$) | 2 400 | 2 596 | 2 764c |
| International trade: balancef (million current US$) | 935 | 1 074 | 1 198c |
| 2010 | 2015 | 2020 | |
| Population growth rateh (average annual %) | 1.4 | 1.8 | 1.6 |
| Urban population (% of total population) | 48.5 | 50.3 | 52c |
| Urban population growth rateh (average annual %) | 2 | 2.5 | ... |
| Fertility rate, totalh (live births per woman) | 2.6 | 3 | 2.8 |
| Life expectancy at birthh (females/males, years) | 69.6 / 62.2 | 70.8 / 63.9 | 71.5 / 64.5 |
| Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %) | 29.5 / 6.1 | 30.4 / 6.8 | 30.8 / 8.1 |
| International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.) | 198.0 / 3.9 | 196.4 / 3.5 | 195.1 / 3.3c |
| Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000) | 20.1i | 7.2 | 5.2c |
| Infant mortality rateh (per 1 000 live births) | 54.1 | 46.9 | 43.3 |
| Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP) | 5 | 6.3 | 6.9a |
| Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.) | 2.3 | 2.2j | ... |
| Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP) | ... | 3k | ... |
| Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | ... / ... | 87.5 / 89.2j | ... / ... |
| Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | ... / ... | 84.0 / 87.6j | ... / ... |
| Education: Tertiary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | ... / ... | 6.2 / 9.7j | ... / ... |
| Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.) | 4.2l | ... | ... |
| Seats held by women in national parliaments (%) | 16.8 | 25.8 | 25m |
| 2010 | 2015 | 2020 | |
| Individuals using the Internetf (per 100 inhabitants) | 3 | 15 | 21.3a |
| Threatened species (number) | 45 | 49 | 59 |
| Forested areaf (% of land area) | 8.8 | 8.8 | 8.8a |
| CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita) | 56.9 / 11.2 | 69.1 / 12.4 | 69.0 / 12.0a |
| Energy production, primary (Petajoules) | 1 982 | 3 407 | 3 223a |
| Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules) | 187 | 208 | 201a |
| Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000) | 8n | ... | ... |
| Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%) | 14 | 14 | 14c |
| Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %) | 92.2 / 73.5 | 96.7 / 86.7 | 96.9 / 90.7a |
| Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI) | 0.21 | 0.07 | 0.05e |