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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	8 271	8 134	10 492^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	6	4.4	8^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	970.4	852.3	1 054.2^b
Economy: Agriculture^e (% of Gross Value Added)	23.9	24.7^f	27.1^f,b
Economy: Industry^e (% of Gross Value Added)	30.8	36.8^g	27.3^g,b
Economy: Services and other activity^e (% of GVA)	45.3	38.4^h	45.6^h,b
Employment in agricultureⁱ (% of employed)	48.4	44.8	43.5^b
Employment in industryⁱ (% of employed)	17.8	20.1	20.8^b
Employment in servicesⁱ (% employed)	33.8	35.1	35.7^b
Unemploymentⁱ (% of labour force)	7.6	7.3	7
Labour force participation rateⁱ (female/male pop. %)	31.9 / 53.1	31.0 / 50.6	31.5 / 51.1
CPI: Consumer Price Index^j (2010=100)	140	194	233^d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	100	155	151^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	979ⁱ	718	1 344^i,d
International trade: imports (million current US$)	3 216ⁱ	3 139	7 129^i,d
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 2 238ⁱ	- 2 421	- 5 785^i,d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	-477	354	584^d

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate (average annual %)	2.6	2.2	1.9^a
Urban population (% of total population)	26.7	27.3^c	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	2.4^k	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	3.5	3.2	3^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	72.2 / 67.2	71.1 / 66.2	74.1 / 69.7^a
Population age distribution^l (0-14/60+ years old, %)	36.3 / 4.8	36.4 / 5.8	36.3 / 6.7^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	275.1 / 3.3^m	276.0 / 2.9^m	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	11.9	11.8	13.4^d
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	37.8	32.7	25.9^a
Health: Current expenditureⁱ (% of GDP)	6.9	8.2	8ⁿ
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	2.1	2.1	2.1ⁿ
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	5	6	5.7ⁿ
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	90.5 / 92.0	95.1 / 96.7^o	... / ...
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	90.9 / 95.1	89.2 / 91.5^o	... / ...
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	57.2 / 79.4^p	... / ...	... / ...
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	1.6^q	0.9	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	16.9	19^r	27^r

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internetⁱ (per 100 inhabitants)	19	27.5	36.1^b
Research & Development expenditure^s,t (% of GDP)	0.1	0.1	...
Threatened species (number)	41	48	60^d
Forested area (% of land area)	3	3.1	3.1ⁿ
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	4.7 / 0.6	7.5 / 0.8	7.5 / 0.8ⁿ
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	131ⁱ	156	159ⁿ
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	20	22	21ⁿ
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	414	351	296ⁿ
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	16.8	16.8	16.8^d
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	... / 58.4	... / 59.3	... / 59.3^b
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	4.41	7.51	5.26ⁿ

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2022
c		2019
d		2023
e		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
f		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
g		Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation canals.
h		Includes publishing activities and landscape care. Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
k		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
l		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
m		Including refugees.
n		2021
o		2017
p		2013
q		2011
r		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
s		Excluding business enterprise.
t		Excluding private non-profit.