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General Information

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2020
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	341 105	401 296	504 992^c
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	7.5	3.1	4.1^c
GDP per capita (current US$)	5 076.3	5 840.0	7 273.6^c
Economy: Agriculture^d,e (% of Gross Value Added)	10.5	8.9	8.3^c
Economy: Industry^d,e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	39.9	36.2	35.6^c
Economy: Services and other activity^d,e,g,h (% of GVA)	31	38.9	38.9^c
Employment in agriculture (% of employed)	38.2	32.3	31.2ⁱ
Employment in industry (% of employed)	20.6	23.7	22.5ⁱ
Employment in services (% employed)	41.1	44	46.3ⁱ
Unemploymentⁱ (% of labour force)	0.6	0.6	0.8
Labour force participation rateⁱ (female/male pop. %)	63.9 / 80.0	60.9 / 77.7	58.9 / 75.8
CPI: Consumer Price Index^j (2010=100)	100	110	113^b
Agricultural production index (2004-2006=100)	114	122	118^k
International trade: exports (million current US$)	195 312	214 309	233 674^b
International trade: imports (million current US$)	182 393	202 642	216 805^b
International trade: balance (million current US$)	12 918	11 667	16 870^b
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	11 486	27 753	37 911^b

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2020
Population growth rate^l (average annual %)	0.5	0.4	0.3
Urban population (% of total population)	43.9	47.7	50.7^b
Urban population growth rate^l (average annual %)	3.7	2.1	...
Fertility rate, total^l (live births per woman)	1.6	1.5	1.5
Life expectancy at birth^l (females/males, years)	76.6 / 69.8	78.9 / 71.6	80.6 / 73.1
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	19.2 / 12.9	18.0 / 15.7	16.6 / 19.2
International migrant stock^m (000/% of total pop.)	3 224.1 / 4.8	3 486.5 / 5.1	3 635.1 / 5.2^b
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	649.4ⁿ	625.3	576.9^b
Infant mortality rate^l (per 1 000 live births)	13.4	10.1	7.8
Health: Current expenditure^o (% of GDP)	3.4	3.7	3.7^a
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.4	0.5	0.8^c
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	3.5	4.1^p	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	96.3 / 97.4	97.6 / 103.5	99.8 / 99.8^c
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	85.3 / 79.6	118.2 / 123.0	116.5 / 118.9^c
Education: Tertiary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	56.6 / 44.3	57.8 / 42.7^q	57.8 / 41.0^k
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	5.4	3.5	2.6^a
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	13.3	6.1	16.2^r

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2020
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	22.4	39.3^s	56.8^c
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.2^t	0.6	1^a
Threatened species (number)	477	595	674
Forested areaⁱ (% of land area)	31.8	32.1	32.1^a
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	223.4 / 3.3	248.0 / 3.6	244.3 / 3.5^a
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	2 952	3 161	3 150^a
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	74	82	84^a
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	15 936	29 923	38 178^c
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	70.7	70.7	70.7^b
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed (% of GNI)	~0.00	0.02	0.03^a
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	-0.01	0.02	-0.09^c

Footnotes

a		2017
b		2019
c		2018
d		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
e		At producers' prices.
f		Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation and canals.
g		Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
h		Excludes computer and related activities and radio/TV activities.
i		Estimate.
j		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
k		2016
l		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
m		Including refugees.
n		Data as at the end of December.
o		Data refer to fiscal years ending 30 September.
p		2013
q		2014
r		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
s		Population aged 6 years and over.
t		2009