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General Information

Region		Middle Africa
Population (000, 2021)		16 915^a
Pop. density (per km2, 2021)		13.4^a
Capital city		N'Djamena
Capital city pop. (000, 2021)		1 371.5^b
UN membership date		20-Sep-60
Surface area (km2)		1 284 000^b
Sex ratio (m per 100 f)		99.7^a
National currency		CFA Franc, BEAC (XAF)^c
Exchange rate (per US$)		534.6^d

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	10 971	11 690	11 272^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	15	4.6	3^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	917.9	828.5	706.8^b
Economy: Agriculture (% of Gross Value Added)	35.9	29.5	28.5^b
Economy: Industry (% of Gross Value Added)	36.7	31.7	18.7^b
Economy: Services and other activity (% of GVA)	27.4	38.8	52.8^b
Employment in agriculture^e (% of employed)	78.5	77	76.3^d
Employment in industry^e (% of employed)	2.4	2.4	2.1^d
Employment in services^e (% employed)	19.1	20.7	21.6^d
Unemployment^e (% of labour force)	1.6	1.8	1.9^d
Labour force participation rate^e (female/male pop. %)	63.8 / 79.3	63.8 / 78.2	63.9 / 77.5^d
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	100^e,f	117^e,f	123^g,d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	86	97	118^b
International trade: exports^e (million current US$)	3 410	2 900	411^d
International trade: imports^e (million current US$)	2 507	2 200	195^d
International trade: balance^e (million current US$)	904	700	217^d

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rate^h (average annual %)	3.4	3.3	3^d
Urban population (% of total population)	22	22.5	23.3^b
Urban population growth rate^h (average annual %)	3.5	3.8	...
Fertility rate, total^h (live births per woman)	6.9	6.3	5.8^d
Life expectancy at birth^h (females/males, years)	50.7 / 48.3	53.7 / 50.9	55.2 / 52.4^d
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	48.8 / 3.9	47.8 / 3.9	46.2 / 3.9^a
International migrant stockⁱ (000/% of total pop.)	417.0 / 3.5	467.0 / 3.3	547.5 / 3.3^d
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	533^j	473.5	820.6^d
Infant mortality rate^h (per 1 000 live births)	97.5	84.1	74.5^d
Health: Current expenditure^e (% of GDP)	4.1	4.5	4.1^k
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	~0.0^l	~0.0	0.1^b
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	2	2.9^m	2.5^e,n
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	69.1 / 94.6	79.4 / 103.7	78.0 / 100.3^b
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	13.4 / 31.7	13.9 / 30.9	14.3 / 26.8^b
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	8.7 / 24.2	9.0 / 25.3	10.2 / 23.5^b
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	5.2	14.9	15.4^o

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet^e (per 100 inhabitants)	1.7	3.5	6.5ⁿ
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	...	...	0.3^p,q,r
Threatened species (number)	30	38	52
Forested area (% of land area)	4.4	3.9^e	3.6^e,k
Energy production, primary^e (Petajoules)	324	375	349^k
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	7	6	6^k
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^s (000)	71	120	87ⁿ
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	67.3	67.3	67.3^d
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	16.2 / 2.6	16.8 / 2.3	17.4 / 2.0^d
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %)	23.5 / 4.8	27.7 / 4.0	32.3 / 3.3^d
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	4.75	5.71	5.76^b

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2019
c		African Financial Community (CFA) Franc, Bank of Central African States (BEAC).
d		2020
e		Estimate.
f		N'Djamena
g		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
h		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
i		Including refugees.
j		Data as at the end of December.
k		2018
l		2006
m		2013
n		2017
o		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
p		Excluding business enterprise.
q		Excluding private non-profit.
r		2016
s		Arrivals by air.