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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2025
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	20 182	21 239	29 028^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	-4.2	1.4	-4^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	1 039.0	1 009.0	1 230.0^b
Economy: Agriculture (% of Gross Value Added)	33.1^g	33.9^h	39^h,b
Economy: Industry^h (% of Gross Value Added)	15.5	21.1	17.3^b
Economy: Services and other activity^h (% of GVA)	51.4	45	43.7^b
Employment in agricultureⁱ (% of employed)	16.3	15.9	15^b
Employment in industryⁱ (% of employed)	22.4	21.7	21.8^b
Employment in servicesⁱ (% employed)	61.3	62.4	63.1^b
Unemploymentⁱ (% of labour force)	14.2	15.2	12.7
Labour force participation rateⁱ (female/male pop. %)	12.6 / 62.8	13.3 / 62.6	13.3 / 62.6
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	449	896^d	...
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	108	119	112^b
International trade: exportsⁱ (million current US$)	887	2 727	3 299^f
International trade: importsⁱ (million current US$)	6 273	5 696	6 238^f
International trade: balanceⁱ (million current US$)	- 5 386	- 2 969	- 2 940^f
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	-367^j	...	...

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Population growth rate (average annual %)	-3	2.8	3.5^a
Urban population (% of total population)	52.2	54.8^d	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	-3.6^k	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	3.1	2.8	2.7^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	70.6 / 57.2	74.8 / 69.2	75.4 / 70.6^a
Population age distribution^l (0-14/60+ years old, %)	40.6 / 6.4	34.6 / 7.1	28.4 / 7.5^a
International migrant stock^m,n (000/% of total pop.)	835.7 / 4.3	868.7 / 4.1	896.0 / 3.6^f
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	7 946.5	6 967.2	7 651.6^o,f
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	38.2	22.3	19.8^a
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	3.5	3.7	4.2^p
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	1.4^q	1.5	1.5^r
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	71.2 / 73.4^s	70.3 / 70.5	81.5 / 81.3^f
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	56.3 / 58.6^s	52.7 / 48.8	51.9 / 46.6^f
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	31.0 / 28.3^s	28.7 / 25.1	31.9 / 25.2^f
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	2.1^j	...	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	12.4	12.4^t	9.6^t,u

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Individuals using the Internetⁱ (per 100 inhabitants)	30	34.7^d	...
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	~0.0^v,w	...	...
Threatened species (number)	108	147	175^f
Forested area (% of land area)	2.8	2.8	2.8^p
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	28.8 / 1.5	29.2 / 1.4	28.0 / 1.2^p
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	197	191	178^p
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	24	21	19^p
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	5 070^x	...	...
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	0	0	0^f
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	31.05	93.74	40.21^p

Footnotes

a		Projected est. (medium fertility variant).
b		2023
c		Est. should be viewed with caution as these are derived from scarce data.
d		2019
e		UN operational exchange rate.
f		2024
g		Inc. taxes less subsidies on production and imports.
h		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
i		Estimate.
j		2010
k		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
l		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
m		Refers to foreign citizens.
n		Including refugees.
o		According to some reports many stateless persons have been naturalized since 2011, but no official figures are yet confirmed.
p		2022
q		2014
r		2021
s		2013
t		Data at 1 January of the reporting year.
u		Data corresponds to the People's Assembly elected in July 2024, which was suspended in December 2024 for a three-month period.
v		Excluding business enterprise.
w		Excluding private non-profit.
x		2011