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General Information

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2020
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	60 465	19 090	16 628^e
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	3.4	-6.1	2.4^e
GDP per capita (current US$)	2 830.4	1 060.7	981.3^e
Economy: Agriculture^f (% of Gross Value Added)	19.7	20.7	20.6^e
Economy: Industry^f (% of Gross Value Added)	30.7	30	30.1^e
Economy: Services and other activity^f (% of GVA)	52.7	48.1	45.6^e
Employment in agriculture^g (% of employed)	14.5	12	10.5
Employment in industry^g (% of employed)	31	28.3	26.5
Employment in services^g (% employed)	54.4	59.7	63
Unemployment^g (% of labour force)	8.6	8.5	8.4
Labour force participation rate^g (female/male pop. %)	13.1 / 72.8	14.1 / 73.6	14.3 / 74.0
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	100	449	663^h
Agricultural production index (2004-2006=100)	89	73	79^h
International trade: exports (million current US$)	11 353	1 688^g	534^g,c
International trade: imports (million current US$)	17 562	3 206^g	980^g,c
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 6 209	- 1 518^g	-447^g,c
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	-367	...	...

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2020
Population growth rateⁱ (average annual %)	3	-3.4	-0.6
Urban population (% of total population)	55.6	52.2	54.8^c
Urban population growth rateⁱ (average annual %)	3.4	-3.6	...
Fertility rate, totalⁱ (live births per woman)	3.7	3.1	2.8
Life expectancy at birthⁱ (females/males, years)	77.3 / 72.0	76.3 / 64.4	77.7 / 65.9
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	37.4 / 5.0	33.1 / 6.3	30.8 / 7.5
International migrant stock^j,k (000/% of total pop.)	1 787.6 / 8.4	871.2 / 4.8	867.8 / 5.1^c
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	1 308.1^l	7 946.5	6 386.7^m,c
Infant mortality rateⁱ (per 1 000 live births)	15	17.9	15.5
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	3.3	3.6ⁿ	...
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	1.5	1.6^o	1.3^h
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	5.1^p	...	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	114.7 / 118.8	80.2 / 83.1^q	... / ...
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	72.3 / 72.1	52.4 / 52.7^q	... / ...
Education: Tertiary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	23.9 / 27.7	44.8 / 40.7	42.8 / 37.5^h
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	2.2	...	0.9^e
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	12.4	12.4	12.4^r

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2020
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	20.7	30^g	34.3^g,a
Threatened species (number)	78	108	147
Forested area^g (% of land area)	2.7	2.7	2.7^a
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	57.3 / 2.7	23.9 / 1.3	23.0 / 1.3^a
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	1 165	196	172^a
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	43	22	20^a
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^s,t (000)	8 546	5 070^u	...
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	0	0	0^c
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	0.21^v	...	...

Footnotes

a		2017
b		Estimates should be viewed with caution as these are derived from scarce data.
c		2019
d		UN operational exchange rate.
e		2018
f		Including taxes less subsidies on production and imports.
g		Estimate.
h		2016
i		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
j		Refers to foreign citizens.
k		Including refugees.
l		Data as at the end of December.
m		Refugee figure for Iraqis was a government estimate and UNHCR has registered and was assisting 13,800 Iraqis at mid-2019. Figure for stateless persons was an estimate.
n		2012
o		2014
p		2009
q		2013
r		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
s		Including Iraqi nationals.
t		Including nationals residing abroad.
u		2011
v		2007