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General Information

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	60 465	19 090	20 379^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	3.4	-6.1	4.8^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	2 830.4	1 060.7	1 193.9^b
Economy: Agriculture^f (% of Gross Value Added)	19.7	20.7	20.6^b
Economy: Industry^g (% of Gross Value Added)	30.7	30	30.1^b
Economy: Services and other activity^f (% of GVA)	49.6	49.3	49.3^b
Employment in agriculture^h (% of employed)	14.5	12	10.5^e
Employment in industry^h (% of employed)	31	28.3	26.5^e
Employment in services^h (% employed)	54.4	59.7	63^e
Unemployment^h (% of labour force)	8.6	8.5	8.4^e
Labour force participation rate^h (female/male pop. %)	13.1 / 72.8	14.1 / 73.6	14.3 / 74.0^e
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	100	449	896^b
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	132	103	118^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	11 353	1 688^h	400^h,e
International trade: imports (million current US$)	17 562	3 206^h	729^h,e
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 6 209	- 1 518^h	-329^h,e
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	-367	...	...

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rateⁱ (average annual %)	3	-3.4	-0.6^e
Urban population (% of total population)	55.6	52.2	54.8^b
Urban population growth rateⁱ (average annual %)	3.4	-3.6	...
Fertility rate, totalⁱ (live births per woman)	3.7	3.1	2.8^e
Life expectancy at birthⁱ (females/males, years)	77.3 / 72.0	76.3 / 64.4	77.7 / 65.9^e
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	37.4 / 5.0	33.1 / 6.3	30.7 / 7.6^a
International migrant stock^j,k (000/% of total pop.)	1 783.6 / 8.3	835.7 / 4.6	868.7 / 5.0^e
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	1 308.1^l	7 946.5	6 967.2^e
Infant mortality rateⁱ (per 1 000 live births)	15	17.9	15.5^e
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	3.3	3.6^m	...
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	1.5	1.6ⁿ	1.3^o
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	5.1^p	...	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	114.7 / 118.8	80.2 / 83.1^q	... / ...
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	72.3 / 72.1	52.4 / 52.7^q	... / ...
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	38.8 / 35.8	33.7 / 30.5^q	... / ...
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	2.2	...	0.9^r
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	12.4	12.4	11.2^s

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	20.7	30^h	34.3^h,t
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	...	~0.0^u,v	...
Threatened species (number)	78	108	165
Forested area (% of land area)	2.7	2.8^h	2.8^h,r
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	57.3 / 2.7	23.7 / 1.3	25.8 / 1.5^r
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	1 165	196	169^r
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	43	24	26^r
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^w (000)	8 546	5 070^x	...
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	0	0	0^e
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	0.25^y	...	...

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2019
c		Estimates should be viewed with caution as these are derived from scarce data.
d		UN operational exchange rate.
e		2020
f		Includes taxes less subsidies on production and imports.
g		Gas distribution is included in Wholesale and retail trade.
h		Estimate.
i		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
j		Including refugees.
k		Refers to foreign citizens.
l		Data as at the end of December.
m		2012
n		2014
o		2016
p		2009
q		2013
r		2018
s		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
t		2017
u		Excluding business enterprise.
v		Excluding private non-profit.
w		Including Iraqi nationals.
x		2011
y		2005