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General Information

Region		Middle Africa
Population (000, 2025)		240^a
Pop. density (per km2, 2025)		250.3^a
Capital city		Sao Tome
Capital city pop. (000, 2025)		80.1^c
UN membership date		16 September 1975
Surface area (km2)		964^b
Sex ratio (m per 100 f)		98.7^a
National currency		Dobra (STN)
Exchange rate (per US$)		22^b

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2025
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	318	476	684^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	3.9	3.1	0.4^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	1 589.0	2 191.0	2 963.0^b
Economy: Agriculture (% of Gross Value Added)	12.2	14.3	13.4^b
Economy: Industry (% of Gross Value Added)	15.7	13.5	13.7^b
Economy: Services and other activity (% of GVA)	72.1	72.2	72.9^b
Employment in agriculture^d (% of employed)	13.3	11.7	11.1^b
Employment in industry^d (% of employed)	21.9	22.8	22.7^b
Employment in services^d (% employed)	64.8	65.5	66.2^b
Unemployment^d (% of labour force)	10.6	9.7	9.1
Labour force participation rate^d (female/male pop. %)	22.8 / 25.3	22.6 / 23.6	23.1 / 24.0
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	154	219	339^b
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	90	108	118^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	9	12	3^d,e
International trade: imports (million current US$)	142	138	341^d,e
International trade: balance (million current US$)	-133	-126	-338^d,e
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	-69	-60	-79^f

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Population growth rate (average annual %)	1.7	2.2	2^a
Urban population (% of total population)	70.2	73.6^g	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	3.8^h	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	4.4	3.8	3.5^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	69.3 / 63.1	72.0 / 64.6	74.1 / 66.6^a
Population age distributionⁱ (0-14/60+ years old, %)	41.9 / 5.3	39.9 / 5.8	37.5 / 6.1^a
International migrant stock^j (000/% of total pop.)	2.4 / 1.2	2.1 / 1.0	2.0 / 0.8^e
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	23.3	16.2	12.7^a
Health: Current expenditure^k (% of GDP)	6.5	7.3	7.5^f
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.3	0.5^g	0.5^f
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	104.6 / 111.0	110.3 / 117.6^g	104.1 / 113.6^l
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	105.3 / 99.5	100.2 / 94.0^g	105.2 / 99.2^l
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	62.6 / 56.3	61.3 / 53.6^g	77.5 / 66.1^l
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	3.2^m	...	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	18.2	14.6ⁿ	14.6ⁿ

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Individuals using the Internet^d (per 100 inhabitants)	25.8	51.6	61.5^b
Threatened species (number)	81	108	147^e
Forested area (% of land area)	57.3	54.1	52.8^f
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	0.1 / 0.7	0.1 / 0.7^d	0.1 / 0.6^d,f
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	1	1	1^f
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	15	14^d	13^d,f
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	26	11	15^l
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	86.3	86.3	86.3^e
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	38.3 / 22.3	40.1 / 23.6	40.3 / 23.8^f
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	29.7 / 24.2	34.0 / 30.2	34.8 / 31.5^f
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	18.63	19.56	14.21^b

Footnotes

a		Projected est. (medium fertility variant).
b		2023
c		2018
d		Estimate.
e		2024
f		2022
g		2019
h		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
i		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
j		Refers to foreign citizens.
k		Based on calendar year (January 1 to December 31).
l		2021
m		2011
n		Data at 1 January of the reporting year.