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General Information

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	528 207	654 270	792 967^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	5	4.1	0.3^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	19 262.6	20 627.9	23 139.8^b
Economy: Agriculture^d (% of Gross Value Added)	2.6	2.6	2.2^b
Economy: Industry^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	58.2	45.3	47.4^b
Economy: Services and other activity^g (% of GVA)	39.1	52	50.4^b
Employment in agriculture (% of employed)	4.2^h	6.1	2.3^h,c
Employment in industry (% of employed)	21.1^h	22.7	24.8^h,c
Employment in services (% employed)	74.7^h	71.2	72.9^h,c
Unemployment^h (% of labour force)	5.6	5.6	5.9^c
Labour force participation rate^h (female/male pop. %)	18.3 / 74.6	22.2 / 79.5	22.3 / 78.7^c
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	100ⁱ	96^j	101^j,c
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	101	101	132^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	250 577	203 689	168 822^h,c
International trade: imports (million current US$)	103 622	174 786	131 354^h,c
International trade: balance (million current US$)	146 955	28 903	37 468^h,c
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	66 751	- 56 724	- 19 647^c

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rate^l (average annual %)	2.8	2.9	1.9^c
Urban population (% of total population)	82.1	83.2	84.1^b
Urban population growth rate^l (average annual %)	3	3.1	...
Fertility rate, total^l (live births per woman)	3.2	2.7	2.3^c
Life expectancy at birth^l (females/males, years)	75.1 / 72.1	76.0 / 73.1	76.5 / 73.7^c
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	29.7 / 4.5	25.8 / 5.2	24.5 / 6.2^a
International migrant stock^m,n (000/% of total pop.)	8 430.0 / 30.7	10 771.4 / 34.0	13 454.8 / 38.6^c
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	70.7	70.3	72.9^c
Infant mortality rate^l (per 1 000 live births)	12.2	8.7	6.3^c
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	3.6	6	6.4^o
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	2.4	2.6^p	2.6^o
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	5.1^q	...	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	106.2 / 107.1	112.1 / 108.7	101.5 / 100.0^b
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	89.0 / 100.4^h,r	115.0 / 117.9	106.1 / 117.3^b
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	83.1 / 92.8^r	116.5 / 122.7	107.5 / 127.7^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	1.1^s	1.5	1.3^t
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	0	19.9	19.9^u

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	41	69.6^v	95.7^b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.9	0.8^w,x,y	...
Threatened species (number)	103	119	160
Forested area^h (% of land area)	0.5	0.5	0.5^o
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	418.2 / 15.3	531.4 / 16.8	491.7 / 14.6^o
Energy production, primary^z (Petajoules)	22 115	27 723	28 567^h,o
Energy supply per capita^z (Gigajoules)	281	325	295^o
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	10 850	17 994	13 635^b
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	22	22	22^c

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2019
c		2020
d		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
e		Excludes publishing activities.
f		Includes irrigation canals.
g		Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
h		Estimate.
i		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
j		Base: 2018=100.
k		Areas not elsewhere specified.
l		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
m		Including refugees.
n		Refers to foreign citizens.
o		2018
p		2014
q		2008
r		2009
s		2007
t		2017
u		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
v		This number is reflecting the whole population, based on the age range 12-65 years for the study it is 70% of the population.
w		Based on R&D budget instead of R&D expenditure.
x		Overestimated or based on overestimated data.
y		2013
z		The data for crude oil production include 50 per cent of the output of the Neutral Zone.