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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2025
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	8 539	10 174	14 098^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	8.9	-3.4	8.2^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	734	779	1 010.0^b
Economy: Agriculture^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	26.3	29	29.1^b
Economy: Industry^e,g (% of Gross Value Added)	19.1	20.3	23.2^b
Economy: Services and other activity^e,h (% of GVA)	54.5	50.7	47.7^b
Employment in agricultureⁱ (% of employed)	63.6	50.1	54.8^b
Employment in industryⁱ (% of employed)	9.5	17.2	14.5^b
Employment in servicesⁱ (% employed)	26.9	32.6	30.7^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	11.8ⁱ	11.8	11.9ⁱ
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	54.6 / 67.5ⁱ	56.7 / 69.3	57.7 / 69.5ⁱ
CPI: Consumer Price Index^j,k (2010=100)	122	151	208^d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	101	114	121^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	594	1 431	1 836^i,d
International trade: imports (million current US$)	2 370	3 707	4 931^i,d
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 1 777	- 2 275	- 3 095^i,d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 1 084	- 1 228	- 1 654^b

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Population growth rate (average annual %)	2.4	2.2	2.2^a
Urban population (% of total population)	17	17.3^c	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	2.6^l	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	4.1	3.9	3.6^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	67.4 / 63.2	69.1 / 64.6	70.4 / 65.9^a
Population age distribution^m (0-14/60+ years old, %)	41.1 / 4.8	39.2 / 5.7	37.0 / 6.1^a
International migrant stockⁿ (000/% of total pop.)	514.6 / 4.4	513.9 / 3.9	513.3 / 3.6^d
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	135.6	150.5	145^o,d
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	47.5	40.7	34.2^a
Health: Current expenditure^p (% of GDP)	6.7	7.5	7.9^q
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.1	0.1	0.1^q
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratioⁱ (f/m per 100 pop.)	137.6 / 136.9	136.0 / 140.1^c	149.6 / 154.2^b
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio ⁱ (f/m per 100 pop.)	47.3 / 42.3	58.7 / 50.1^c	65.2 / 54.7^b
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratioⁱ (f/m per 100 pop.)	33.2 / 33.8	32.8 / 31.8^c	32.8 / 28.6^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	2.5	3.6	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	63.8	61.2^r	63.8^r

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	12.5ⁱ	23.8	34.2^i,b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	...	0.8^c	...
Threatened species (number)	61	168	198^d
Forested area (% of land area)	10.9ⁱ	11.2ⁱ	11.3^q
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	0.9 / 0.1	1.3 / 0.1	1.7 / 0.1^i,q
Energy production, primaryⁱ (Petajoules)	86	89	96^q
Energy supply per capitaⁱ (Gigajoules)	8	8	8^q
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^s (000)	1 217	460	480^t
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	35.5	35.5	37.1^d
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	44.6 / ...	52.6 / ...	54.6 / ...^q
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	... / 50.2	... / 56.6	... / 57.9^q
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	12.99	16.36	10.04^b

Footnotes

a		Projected est. (medium fertility variant).
b		2023
c		2019
d		2024
e		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
f		Exc. irrigation canals and landscaping care.
g		Exc. publishing activities. Inc. irrigation canals.
h		Inc. publishing activities and landscape care. Exc. repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
k		All urban consumers.
l		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
m		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
n		Including refugees.
o		This figure presents an estimate of persons with undetermined nationality/at risk of statelessness, based on a survey conducted by the Directorate General of Immigration and Emigration (DGIE) in 2010, which found approximately 9,500 persons to be at risk of statelessness. The 2023 population and housing census, led to the identification of areas where populations reside who are stateless or at the risk thereof. Efforts are underway to conduct targeted surveys that will provide an updated and reliable statistics.
p		Based on calendar year (January 1 to December 31).
q		2022
r		Data at 1 January of the reporting year.
s		January-November.
t		2021