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General Information

Region		Eastern Africa
Population (000, 2024)		14 257^a
Pop. density (per km2, 2024)		588.9^a
Capital city		Kigali
Capital city pop. (000, 2024)		1 094.8^c
UN membership date		18 September 1962
Surface area (km2)		26 338^b
Sex ratio (m per 100 f)		95.2^a
National currency		Rwanda Franc (RWF)
Exchange rate (per US$)		1 263.9^d

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	8 526	10 185	13 313^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	8.9	-3.4	8.1^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	732.3	774.7	966.3^b
Economy: Agriculture^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	26.3	29	26.9^b
Economy: Industry^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	19.1	20.3	22.9^b
Economy: Services and other activity^h (% of GVA)	54.5	50.7	50.2^b
Employment in agricultureⁱ (% of employed)	63.6	50.1	56^b
Employment in industryⁱ (% of employed)	9.5	17.2	14.4^b
Employment in servicesⁱ (% employed)	26.9	32.6	29.6^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	11.9ⁱ	11.8	14.8ⁱ
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	54.6 / 67.3ⁱ	56.6 / 69.2	55.1 / 66.4ⁱ
CPI: Consumer Price Index^j,k (2010=100)	122	151	198^d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	101	114	117^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	594	1 431	1 582^i,d
International trade: imports (million current US$)	2 370	3 707	5 025^i,d
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 1 777	- 2 275	- 3 443^i,d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 1 084	- 1 228	- 1 654^d

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate (average annual %)	2.4	2.2	2.1^a
Urban population (% of total population)	17	17.3^c	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	2.6^l	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	4.1	3.9	3.6^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	67.4 / 63.2	69.1 / 64.6	70.1 / 65.7^a
Population age distribution^m (0-14/60+ years old, %)	41.1 / 4.8	39.2 / 5.7	37.4 / 6.1^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	514.6 / 4.5ⁿ	513.9 / 4.0ⁿ	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	135.6	150.5	144.9^d
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	47.5	40.7	35.4^a
Health: Current expenditure^o (% of GDP)	6.7	7.5	7.3^p
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.1	0.1^c	...
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	3.6ⁱ	3.3	4^b
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	133.6 / 130.9	128.1 / 128.9^c	135.0 / 134.9^b
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	44.7 / 39.5	57.1 / 48.0^c	61.0 / 50.3^b
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	32.0 / 32.5	31.0 / 29.7^c	29.5 / 25.9^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	2.5	3.6	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	63.8	61.2^q	61.2^q

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	12.5ⁱ	23.8	34.4^i,b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	...	0.8^c	...
Threatened species (number)	61	168	196^d
Forested area (% of land area)	10.9ⁱ	11.2ⁱ	11.2^p
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	0.9 / 0.1	1.2 / 0.1	1.5 / 0.1^p
Energy production, primaryⁱ (Petajoules)	86	89	89^p
Energy supply per capitaⁱ (Gigajoules)	8	8	8^p
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^r (000)	1 217	460	480^p
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	57.6	57.6	57.6^d
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	44.6 / ...	52.6 / ...	54.6 / ...^b
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	... / 50.2	... / 56.6	... / 57.9^b
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	13	16.34	12.27^p

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2022
c		2019
d		2023
e		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
f		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
g		Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation canals.
h		Includes publishing activities and landscape care. Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		For urban population only.
k		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
l		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
m		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
n		Including refugees.
o		Data based on calendar year (January 1 to December 31).
p		2021
q		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
r		January-November.