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General Information

Region		Eastern Europe
Population (000, 2021)		145 912^a
Pop. density (per km2, 2021)		8.9^a
Capital city		Moscow
Capital city pop. (000, 2021)		12 476.2^b
UN membership date		24-Oct-45
Surface area (km2)		17 098 246^b
Sex ratio (m per 100 f)		86.4^a
National currency		Russian Ruble (RUB)
Exchange rate (per US$)		73.9^c

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	1 539 845	1 366 410	1 692 930^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	4.5	-2	1.3^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	10 732.2	9 424.5	11 605.6^b
Economy: Agriculture (% of Gross Value Added)	3.8	4.3	3.9^b
Economy: Industry (% of Gross Value Added)	34.8	33.3	34.1^b
Economy: Services and other activity (% of GVA)	61.4	62.4	62^b
Employment in agriculture (% of employed)	7.7	6.7	5.6^d,c
Employment in industry (% of employed)	27.8	27.3	26.6^d,c
Employment in services (% employed)	64.5	66	67.8^d,c
Unemployment^d (% of labour force)	7.4	5.6	4.4^c
Labour force participation rate^d (female/male pop. %)	55.9 / 70.3	55.5 / 71.2	54.4 / 69.8^c
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	100	152	187^c
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	74	100	110^b
International trade: exports^e (million current US$)	397 068	343 908	327 503^d,c
International trade: imports^e (million current US$)	228 912	182 782	239 874^d,c
International trade: balance^e (million current US$)	168 156	161 126	87 629^d,c
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	67 452	67 777	33 949^c

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rate^f (average annual %)	-~0.0	0.2	0.1^c
Urban population (% of total population)	73.7	74	74.6^b
Urban population growth rate^f (average annual %)	-~0.0	0.2	...
Fertility rate, total^f (live births per woman)	1.5	1.7	1.8^c
Life expectancy at birth^f (females/males, years)	73.7 / 61.0	76.0 / 64.6	77.5 / 66.8^c
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	14.9 / 18.0	16.9 / 20.0	18.5 / 22.9^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	11 194.7 / 7.8	11 643.3 / 8.0	11 636.9 / 8.0^c
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	132.6^g	431.2	93.5^c
Infant mortality rate^f (per 1 000 live births)	10.7	8.3	5.8^c
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	5	5.3	5.3^h
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	7.2	4.2	4.4^h
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	4.1ⁱ	3.8	4.7^j
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	99.6 / 99.1^k	99.5 / 98.7	104.1 / 105.2^h
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	84.1 / 85.4^k	101.0 / 103.4	102.2 / 105.3^h
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	78.3 / 85.9^k	104.2 / 115.3	105.9 / 115.1^h
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	11.6	11.5	8.2^h
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	14	13.6	15.8^l

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	43^m	70.1^n,o	82.6^b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	1.1	1.1	1^h
Threatened species (number)	126	217	295
Forested area^d (% of land area)	49.8	49.8	49.8^h
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	1 529.2 / 10.7	1 534.5 / 10.6	1 587.0 / 11.0^h
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	53 679	56 024	62 422^d,h
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	202	200	228^h
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	22 281	33 729	24 551^h
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	25.1	25.1	25.1^c
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %)	62.3 / 46.7	63.1 / 49.5	63.7 / 52.2^c
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed (% of GNI)	0.03	0.09^p	0.08^p,j

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2019
c		2020
d		Estimate.
e		Russian data provided by the Russian Federation. Includes statistical data for the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, Ukraine, temporarily occupied by the Russian Federation.
f		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
g		Data as at the end of December.
h		2018
i		2008
j		2017
k		2009
l		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
m		Population aged 16 to 74 years.
n		Population aged 15 to 72 years.
o		Users in the last 3 months.
p		Some of the debt relief reported may correspond to the credits. Statistics currently published on ODA by Russia and the estimates from the previous Chairman's reports should not be used at the same time.