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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2025
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	1 363 482	1 493 076	2 008 419^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	-2	-2.7	3.6^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	9 383.0	10 201.0	13 809.0^b
Economy: Agriculture^d,e (% of Gross Value Added)	4.3	4.4	4.2^b
Economy: Industry^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	33.2	33	35.3^b
Economy: Services and other activity^e,g (% of GVA)	62.5	62.6	60.5^b
Employment in agriculture^h (% of employed)	6.7	6	5.7^b
Employment in industry^h (% of employed)	27.2	26.5	26.4^b
Employment in services^h (% employed)	66.1	67.5	67.9^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	5.6	5.6	2.9^h
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	55.6 / 71.4^h	54.7 / 69.6	53.9 / 68.1^h
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	152	187	260ⁱ
Agricultural production index^j (2014-2016=100)	100	112	124^b
International trade: exports^j (million current US$)	343 908	337 104^h	437 266^h,i
International trade: imports^j (million current US$)	182 782	231 664^h	262 168^h,i
International trade: balance^j (million current US$)	161 126	105 440^h	175 098^h,i
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	67 777	35 373	62 287ⁱ

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Population growth rate (average annual %)	0.3	-0.2	-0.6^a
Urban population (% of total population)	74	74.6^c	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	0.2^k	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	1.8	1.5	1.5^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	76.7 / 65.9	75.9 / 66.3	79.3 / 67.7^a
Population age distribution^l (0-14/60+ years old, %)	16.9 / 19.9	17.7 / 22.4	17.0 / 24.3^a
International migrant stock^m (000/% of total pop.)	9 098.2 / 6.3	7 297.6 / 5.0	7 605.8 / 5.3ⁱ
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	431.2	93.5	1 319.0^n,i
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	8.1	5.7	5.1^a
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	5.3	8^h	6.9^o
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	3.9	3.8	5.1^o
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio^h (f/m per 100 pop.)	98.9 / 97.8	102.7 / 102.8	98.0 / 97.5^b
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio ^h (f/m per 100 pop.)	93.7 / 91.7	106.9 / 112.4	106.5 / 110.9^b
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio^h (f/m per 100 pop.)	100.3 / 111.3	53.1 / 44.9	48.7 / 42.8^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	11.5	7.3	6.8^p
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	13.6	15.8^q	16.4^q

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	70.1^r	85^s	92.2^t,b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	1.1	1.1	0.9^o
Threatened species (number)	217	279	333ⁱ
Forested area (% of land area)	49.8	49.8	49.8^o
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	1 571.8 / 10.8	1 563.3 / 10.7	1 758.5 / 12.1^o
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	56 024	58 759	60 648^o
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	199	208	230^o
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	33 729	6 359	...
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	24.6	25.5	25.5ⁱ
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	63.3 / ...	64.2 / ...	64.2 / ...^o
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed (% of GNI)	0.05^u	...	...

Footnotes

a		Projected est. (medium fertility variant).
b		2023
c		2019
d		Exc. irrigation canals and landscaping care.
e		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
f		Exc. publishing activities. Inc. irrigation canals.
g		Inc. publishing activities and landscape care. Exc. repair of personal and household goods.
h		Estimate.
i		2024
j		Russian data provided by the Russian Federation. Includes statistical data for the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, Ukraine, temporarily occupied by the Russian Federation.
k		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
l		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
m		Including refugees.
n		The figure for the Russian Federation includes 11,210 Ukrainians who were granted refugee or temporary asylum status by mid-2024, as well as 1.2 million Ukrainians recorded in the country under other forms of stay by mid-2023 (no updated data available).
o		2022
p		2021
q		Data at 1 January of the reporting year.
r		Population aged 15 to 72 years.
s		Population aged 15 to 74 years.
t		Population aged 15 years and over.
u		2014