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General Information

Region		Eastern Europe
Population (000, 2024)		144 820^a
Pop. density (per km2, 2024)		8.8^a
Capital city		Moscow
Capital city pop. (000, 2024)		12 476.2^c
UN membership date		24 October 1945
Surface area (km2)		17 098 246^b
Sex ratio (m per 100 f)		86.6^a
National currency		Russian Ruble (RUB)
Exchange rate (per US$)		89.7^d

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	1 363 482	1 493 076	2 240 422^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	-2	-2.7	-2.1^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	9 424.9	10 253.4	15 481.8^b
Economy: Agriculture^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	4.3	4.4	4.3^b
Economy: Industry^e,g (% of Gross Value Added)	33.2	33	36.2^b
Economy: Services and other activity^e,h (% of GVA)	62.5	62.6	59.5^b
Employment in agricultureⁱ (% of employed)	6.7	6	5.7^b
Employment in industryⁱ (% of employed)	27.2	26.5	26.6^b
Employment in servicesⁱ (% employed)	66.1	67.5	67.8^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	5.6	5.6	3.2ⁱ
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	55.6 / 71.3ⁱ	54.8 / 69.8	53.5 / 67.9ⁱ
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	152	187	240^d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	100	112	126^b
International trade: exports^j (million current US$)	343 908	337 104	416 153^i,d
International trade: imports^j (million current US$)	182 782	231 664	167 883^i,d
International trade: balance^j (million current US$)	161 126	105 440	248 271^i,d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	67 777	35 373	50 224^d

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate (average annual %)	0.3	-0.2	-0.5^a
Urban population (% of total population)	74	74.6^c	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	0.2^k	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	1.8	1.5	1.5^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	76.7 / 65.9	75.9 / 66.3	79.2 / 67.5^a
Population age distribution^l (0-14/60+ years old, %)	16.9 / 19.9	17.7 / 22.4	17.3 / 24.0^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	11 643.3 / 8.0	11 636.9 / 8.0	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	431.2	93.5	1 343.9^d
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	8.1	5.7	5.3^a
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	5.3	7.6ⁱ	7.4^i,m
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	3.9	3.8	...
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	3.8	3.5^c	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	100.0 / 99.2	104.7 / 105.3	101.7 / 102.2^b
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	96.3 / 95.1	107.8 / 114.1	110.9 / 117.0^b
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	102.0 / 112.8	54.4 / 47.0	48.4 / 43.3^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	11.5	7.3	6.8^m
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	13.6	15.8ⁿ	16.4ⁿ

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	70.1^o	85^p	90.4^p,b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	1.1	1.1	0.9^b
Threatened species (number)	217	279	276^d
Forested area (% of land area)	49.8	49.8	49.8^m
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	1 571.8 / 10.9	1 607.8 / 11.0	1 811.2 / 12.5^m
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	56 024	60 041	63 711^m
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	200	216	240^m
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	33 729	6 359	...
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	24.6	25.5	25.5^d
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	63.3 / ...	64.2 / ...	64.2 / ...^b

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2022
c		2019
d		2023
e		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
f		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
g		Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation canals.
h		Includes publishing activities and landscape care. Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		Russian data provided by the Russian Federation. Includes statistical data for the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, Ukraine, temporarily occupied by the Russian Federation.
k		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
l		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
m		2021
n		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
o		Population aged 15 to 72 years.
p		Population aged 15 to 74 years.