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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2025
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	39 656	53 356	75 187^c
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	1.8	-0.9	2.5^c
GDP per capita (current US$)	5 525.0	7 724.0	11 101.0^c
Economy: Agriculture^g,h (% of Gross Value Added)	8.1	7.6	6.3^c
Economy: Industry^h,i (% of Gross Value Added)	30.9	30	31.8^c
Economy: Services and other activity^h,j (% of GVA)	61	62.4	61.9^c
Employment in agriculture^k (% of employed)	19.4	14.6	19.2^c
Employment in industry^k (% of employed)	24.5	27.9	28.2^c
Employment in services^k (% employed)	56.1	57.5	52.6^c
Unemployment (% of labour force)	17.7	9	6.8^k
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	43.3 / 60.1	46.2 / 61.4	49.9 / 65.4^k
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	133	146	200^f
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	94	111	104^c
International trade: exports^l (million current US$)	13 379	19 501	31 628^k,f
International trade: imports^l (million current US$)	18 210	26 228	42 246^k,f
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 4 831	- 6 727	- 10 618^k,f
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 1 370	- 2 177	- 1 947^c

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Population growth rate^b (average annual %)	-0.7	-0.9	-0.7^a
Urban population^m (% of total population)	55.7	56.3^e	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	-0.1^m,n	...	...
Fertility rate, total^b (live births per woman)	1.5	1.5	1.5^a
Life expectancy at birth^b (females/males, years)	78.8 / 72.5	78.1 / 71.1	80.3 / 73.9^a
Population age distribution^b,o (0-14/60+ years old, %)	14.3 / 26.9	14.3 / 28.8	14.3 / 29.7^a
International migrant stock^p (000/% of total pop.)	797.6 / 11.1	733.1 / 10.6	712.6 / 10.6^f
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	259.7^m	247.4^m	245.7^f
Under five mortality rate^b (per 1000 live births)	6.3	5.6	4.6^a
Health: Current expenditure^q (% of GDP)	8.8^k	8.7^k	9.7^r
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	3	2.9	3.1^r
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio^k (f/m per 100 pop.)	102.1 / 102.3	97.9 / 98.2	98.9 / 98.9^r
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio ^k (f/m per 100 pop.)	101.1 / 101.7	97.8 / 97.6	99.1 / 99.0^r
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio^k (f/m per 100 pop.)	94.6 / 91.2	89.4 / 86.7	92.9 / 89.7^r
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	1.4	1.2	1.3^c
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	34	37.6^s	37.2^s

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Individuals using the Internet^t (per 100 inhabitants)	65.3	78.4	85.4^c
Research & Development expenditure^u (% of GDP)	0.8	0.9	1^r
Threatened species (number)	56	86	129^f
Forested area (% of land area)	31.1	31.1	32.4^r
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	44.3 / 6.2	45.5 / 6.6	44.7 / 6.6^r
Energy production, primary^b (Petajoules)	449	458	401^r
Energy supply per capita^b (Gigajoules)	85	95	99^r
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^v,w (000)	1 132	446	1 773^r
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	29.2	33.1	42.9^f
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	81.5 / 66.5	81.5 / 66.6	81.5 / 66.6^r
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	24.8 / 30.1	23.0 / 29.5	22.4 / 29.3^r
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	0.83	0.95	0.81^c

Footnotes

a		Projected est. (medium fertility variant).
b		Excluding Kosovo.
c		2023
d		Refers to the urban population of Belgrade area.
e		2019
f		2024
g		Exc. irrigation canals and landscaping care.
h		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
i		Exc. publishing activities. Inc. irrigation canals.
j		Inc. publishing activities and landscape care. Exc. repair of personal and household goods.
k		Estimate.
l		Special trade system up to 2008.
m		Including Kosovo.
n		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
o		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
p		Including refugees.
q		Based on calendar year (January 1 to December 31).
r		2022
s		Data at 1 January of the reporting year.
t		Population aged 16 to 74 years.
u		Excluding data from some regions, provinces or states.
v		Tourists staying in visitor accommodation establishments.
w		Excluding Kosovo and Metohija.