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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2025
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	161 740	144 411	213 003^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	4.8	-3.6	1.2^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	66 633.0	51 513.0	71 499.0^b
Economy: Agriculture^f,g,h (% of Gross Value Added)	0.2	0.3	0.3^b
Economy: Industry^f,h,i (% of Gross Value Added)	55.4	49.6	57^b
Economy: Services and other activity^f,j (% of GVA)	44.4	50	42.7^b
Employment in agriculture^k (% of employed)	1.2	1.4	1.7^b
Employment in industry^k (% of employed)	54.1	44.3	39.4^b
Employment in services^k (% employed)	44.6	54.3	58.9^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	0.2	0.1	0.1^k
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	56.0 / 95.5^k	59.5 / 95.9	63.4 / 95.4^k
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	105^l	97^m	107^m,b
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	113	159	160^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	77 090	51 504	90 148^k,e
International trade: imports (million current US$)	32 611	25 835	33 961^k,e
International trade: balance (million current US$)	44 479	25 669	56 187^k,e
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	13 751	- 2 986	38 117^e

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Population growth rate (average annual %)	8.3	-0.9	2^a
Urban population (% of total population)	98.9	99.2^d	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	6.7ⁿ	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	2	1.7	1.7^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	82.8 / 81.1	82.2 / 79.4	83.6 / 82.0^a
Population age distribution^o (0-14/60+ years old, %)	13.9 / 2.3	15.4 / 2.7	15.0 / 3.4^a
International migrant stock^p (000/% of total pop.)	2 090.0 / 86.1	2 182.0 / 77.8	2 337.0 / 76.7^e
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	1.4	1.5	1.5^e
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	7.6	5.9	6.6^a
Health: Current expenditure^k,q,r (% of GDP)	3.6	3.8	2.2^s
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	4^t	2.5^u	3^b
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio^k (f/m per 100 pop.)	102.2 / 101.7	102.0 / 102.2	95.7 / 94.3^s
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio ^k (f/m per 100 pop.)	100.2 / 100.3	104.2 / 104.9	101.8 / 101.0^s
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio^k (f/m per 100 pop.)	106.2 / 102.1	109.6 / 113.0	110.2 / 106.8^s
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	0.2	0.4	0.1^s
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	0	9.8^v	4.4^v

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	92.9^w	99.7^w	99.7^k,b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.5	0.5^u	0.7^x
Threatened species (number)	35	50	98^e
Forested area (% of land area)	0^k	0^k	0^s
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	68.3 / 28.2	76.6 / 27.3	83.8 / 29.0^s
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	9 402	9 142	9 277^s
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	647	617	638^s
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	2 941	582	2 560^s
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	60	60	60^e
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed (% of GNI)	...	...	0.34^b

Footnotes

a		Projected est. (medium fertility variant).
b		2023
c		Does not include the populations from the industrial area and zone 58.
d		2019
e		2024
f		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
g		Exc. irrigation canals and landscaping care.
h		At producers' prices.
i		Exc. publishing activities. Inc. irrigation canals.
j		Inc. publishing activities and landscape care. Exc. repair of personal and household goods.
k		Estimate.
l		Index base: 2013=100.
m		Base: 2018=100.
n		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
o		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
p		Refers to foreign citizens.
q		Est. should be viewed with caution as these are derived from scarce data.
r		Based on calendar year (January 1 to December 31).
s		2022
t		2010
u		2018
v		Data at 1 January of the reporting year.
w		Population aged 15 years and over.
x		2021