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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2025
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	296 060	293 752	299 864^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	4.2	-1.3	0^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	1 363.0	1 250.0	1 212.0^b
Economy: Agriculture^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	24.3	23.2	24.7^b
Economy: Industry^e,g (% of Gross Value Added)	20.5	19.8	21.9^b
Economy: Services and other activity^e,h (% of GVA)	55.1	57	53.4^b
Employment in agricultureⁱ (% of employed)	41	37.9	36.1^b
Employment in industryⁱ (% of employed)	24	24.9	25.6^b
Employment in servicesⁱ (% employed)	35	37.2	38.3^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	3.6	6.1ⁱ	5.5ⁱ
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	24.0 / 78.9	23.5 / 78.8ⁱ	24.3 / 80.4ⁱ
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	145	200	387^d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	99	112	126^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	22 089	22 237	32 438^d
International trade: imports (million current US$)	43 990	45 775	56 484^d
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 21 901	- 23 538	- 24 046^d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 2 803	-651	699^d

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Population growth rate (average annual %)	1.4	1.9	1.6^a
Urban population (% of total population)	36	36.9^c	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	2.7^j	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	4	3.8	3.5^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	68.1 / 63.5	68.4 / 63.3	70.5 / 65.6^a
Population age distribution^k (0-14/60+ years old, %)	38.8 / 5.9	37.9 / 6.3	36.2 / 6.8^a
International migrant stock^l (000/% of total pop.)	3 506.5 / 1.6	3 276.6 / 1.4	4 176.0 / 1.7^d
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	3 440.0	1 535.9	1 752.4^m,d
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	76.2	65.2	56.9^a
Health: Current expenditure^n,o (% of GDP)	2.5	3	2.9^i,p
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.8	1^c	1.2^q
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	65.4 / 77.7	72.7 / 84.4^c	72.7 / 84.9^p
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	38.6 / 47.6	42.8 / 49.7^c	46.1 / 52.4^p
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	23.9 / 31.9	29.6 / 35.3^c	30.3 / 35.7^p
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	4.4	3.6	4.3^b
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	20.7	20.2^r	17^r

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	11ⁱ	18.9^s	27.4^i,b
Research & Development expenditure^t,u (% of GDP)	0.2	0.2^c	0.2^q
Threatened species (number)	129	155	247^d
Forested area (% of land area)	5.1	4.8	4.7^p
CO2 emission estimatesⁿ (million tons/tons per capita)	127.2 / 0.6	193.8 / 0.8	190.5 / 0.8^p
Energy production, primaryⁿ (Petajoules)	2 273	2 126	2 268^p
Energy supply per capitaⁿ (Gigajoules)	14	17	16^p
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	966^v	...	...
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	30.6	30.6	33.6^d
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	52.7 / 38.3	55.6 / 44.4	56.8 / 46.9^p
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	... / 28.3	... / 36.8	... / 40.2^p
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	1.27	0.88	1.19^b

Footnotes

a		Projected est. (medium fertility variant).
b		2023
c		2019
d		2024
e		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
f		Exc. irrigation canals and landscaping care.
g		Exc. publishing activities. Inc. irrigation canals.
h		Inc. publishing activities and landscape care. Exc. repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
k		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
l		Including refugees.
m		In Pakistan, the verification of the number of new arrivals from Afghanistan concluded in the first half of 2024 due to inactivation of substantive numbers of absentees and an increase of 107,500 Afghans being registered as asylum-seekers. 143,900 formerly unregistered family members of registered refugees are now included as refugees, in line with the upcoming 2025-2027 multi-year strategy for Afghans.
n		Data refer to fiscal years beginning 1 July.
o		Health expenditure data for even years (2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2018) are based on SHA 1.0 health accounts produced by the country, adjusted to separate current health expenditure from capital health expenditure.
p		2022
q		2021
r		Data at 1 January of the reporting year.
s		Population aged 5 years and over.
t		Excluding private non-profit.
u		Excluding business enterprise.
v		2012