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General Information

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2020
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	199 591	292 774	330 910^d
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	7.6	6.1	6.2^d
GDP per capita (current US$)	2 124.1	2 867.1	3 102.7^d
Economy: Agriculture^e (% of Gross Value Added)	12.3	10.3	9.3^d
Economy: Industry^e,f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	32.6	30.9	30.8^d
Economy: Services and other activity^e,g,h,i (% of GVA)	58.9	61.9	63.9^d
Employment in agriculture (% of employed)	32.8^j	29.2	22.5^j
Employment in industry (% of employed)	15.5^j	16.2	19.8^j
Employment in services (% employed)	51.6^j	54.6	57.6^j
Unemployment^j (% of labour force)	3.6	3.1	2.2
Labour force participation rate^j (female/male pop. %)	48.5 / 76.0	49.3 / 75.2	46.2 / 73.2
CPI: Consumer Price Index^k (2010=100)	...	107	120^c
Agricultural production index (2004-2006=100)	112	116	113^l
International trade: exports (million current US$)	51 498	58 648	70 927^c
International trade: imports (million current US$)	58 468	70 153	117 247^c
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 6 970	- 11 505	- 46 321^c
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	7 179	7 266	-464^c

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2020
Population growth rate^m (average annual %)	1.7	1.7	1.4
Urban population (% of total population)	45.3	46.3	47.1^c
Urban population growth rate^m (average annual %)	1.5	2.1	...
Fertility rate, total^m (live births per woman)	3.3	3	2.6
Life expectancy at birth^m (females/males, years)	73.4 / 65.8	74.6 / 66.2	75.3 / 67.1
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	34.0 / 6.5	32.3 / 7.3	30.0 / 8.6
International migrant stock^n,o (000/% of total pop.)	208.6 / 0.2	211.9 / 0.2	218.5 / 0.2^c
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	139.9^p	386.2	226.8^c
Infant mortality rate^m (per 1 000 live births)	25.5	23.7	19.7
Health: Current expenditure^q (% of GDP)	4.3	4.3	4.4^a
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	1.3	...	0.6^a
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	2.7^r	...	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	107.1 / 108.3^r	110.5 / 113.9	105.5 / 109.4^a
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	87.5 / 80.9^r	91.5 / 84.4	90.6 / 82.0^a
Education: Tertiary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	32.9 / 26.3	40.1 / 31.3^s	40.4 / 30.8^a
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	9.2	9.4	6.5^d
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	21	27.2	28^t

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2020
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	25	36^u	60.1^j,a
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.1^r	0.2	...
Threatened species (number)	697	767	884
Forested area (% of land area)	22.9	27	27^j,a
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	77.1 / 0.8	103.9 / 1.0	126.5 / 1.2^a
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	924	999	1 098^a
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	17	20	22^a
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^v (000)	3 520	5 361	7 168^d
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	39.9	40.1	40.1^c
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	60.8 / 32.3	61.3 / 33.3	61.5 / 33.7^a
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %)	50.7 / 42.9	53.0 / 47.6	54.0 / 49.6^a
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	0.24	0.14	0.14^d

Footnotes

a		2017
b		Refers to the National Capital Region.
c		2019
d		2018
e		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
f		Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation and canals.
g		Including taxes less subsidies on production and imports.
h		Excludes computer and related activities and radio/TV activities.
i		Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
j		Estimate.
k		Base: 2012=100.
l		2016
m		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
n		Refers to foreign citizens.
o		Including refugees.
p		Data as at the end of December.
q		Data revision.
r		2009
s		2014
t		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
u		Population aged 18 years and over.
v		Including nationals residing abroad.