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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	21 723	23 848	31 610^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	6.6	-3.2	5.2^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	2 502.1	2 446.1	3 116.5^b
Economy: Agriculture^d,e (% of Gross Value Added)	18.3	19.6	17.6^b
Economy: Industry^d,f (% of Gross Value Added)	36.4	34.5	41.9^b
Economy: Services and other activity^d,g (% of GVA)	45.3	45.9	40.5^b
Employment in agriculture^h (% of employed)	21.7	19.3	18.5^b
Employment in industry^h (% of employed)	9.4	11	11.5^b
Employment in services^h (% employed)	68.9	69.7	70^b
Unemployment^h (% of labour force)	2.5	3.1	2.7
Labour force participation rate^h (female/male pop. %)	46.9 / 48.4	46.2 / 47.7	45.9 / 47.7
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	128	164	184ⁱ
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	100	100	102^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	6 577^h	10 367	11 043^h,i
International trade: imports (million current US$)	5 700^h	4 088	6 354^h,i
International trade: balance (million current US$)	877^h	6 279	4 689^h,i
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	1 892	3 419	4 499^j

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate (average annual %)	2.5	2	1.8^a
Urban population (% of total population)	13	13.2^c	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	2.2^k	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	3.6	3.3	3.1^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	67.5 / 62.1	68.4 / 62.6	69.2 / 63.8^a
Population age distribution^l (0-14/60+ years old, %)	36.2 / 4.7	34.7 / 5.3	33.5 / 5.9^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	30.9 / 0.4^m,n	31.1 / 0.3^m,n	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	9.9	9.8	104.5ⁱ
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	51.5	44.2	39.2^a
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	1.8	2.3	2.3^h,j
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	~0.0^o	0.1^c	0.1^j
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	...	1.9^h,p	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	95.8 / 104.0^q	106.9 / 111.9^p	... / ...
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	63.1 / 75.2^q	52.0 / 61.1^p	... / ...
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	16.8 / 23.4^q	15.0 / 21.4^p	... / ...
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	9.4^o	...	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	2.7	0^r	2.7^r

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internet^h (per 100 inhabitants)	7.9	24.4	27^b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	...	~0.0^s,t,u	...
Threatened species (number)	478	585	1 201ⁱ
Forested area (% of land area)	79.5	79.2	79.1^j
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	6.3 / 0.7	7.8 / 0.8	8.1 / 0.8^h,j
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	543	596	598^h,j
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	20	21	21^h,j
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	183	39	67^b
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	7.2	7.3	7.3ⁱ
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	29.1 / ...	28.3 / ...	28.3 / ...^b
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	2.77	4.33	4.57^j

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2022
c		2019
d		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
e		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
f		Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation canals.
g		Includes publishing activities and landscape care. Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
h		Estimate.
i		2023
j		2021
k		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
l		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
m		Including refugees.
n		Refers to foreign citizens.
o		2010
p		2018
q		2012
r		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
s		Excluding business enterprise.
t		Partial data.
u		2016