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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2025
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	189 803	201 410	267 603^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	3.3	-10.9	-0.6^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	6 232.0	6 133.0	7 907.0^b
Economy: Agriculture^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	7.7	8.4	8^b
Economy: Industry^e,g (% of Gross Value Added)	33.2	32.9	37.5^b
Economy: Services and other activity^e,h (% of GVA)	59.1	58.8	54.6^b
Employment in agricultureⁱ (% of employed)	27	33.7	24^b
Employment in industryⁱ (% of employed)	17.4	15.9	16.4^b
Employment in servicesⁱ (% employed)	55.6	50.5	59.7^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	3.3	7.2	4.8ⁱ
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	67.7 / 84.3	59.9 / 78.2	65.2 / 80.5ⁱ
CPI: Consumer Price Index^j (2010=100)	118	133	163^k
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	99	118	127^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	33 667	38 757ⁱ	59 775^i,k
International trade: imports (million current US$)	38 026	36 064	49 898^i,k
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 4 359	2 693ⁱ	9 877^i,k
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 8 747	1 890	2 219^b

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Population growth rate (average annual %)	1.2	1.1	1^a
Urban population (% of total population)	77.4	78.1^d	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	1.6^l	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	2.2	2.1	1.9^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	78.0 / 73.6	78.0 / 70.4	80.5 / 75.8^a
Population age distribution^m (0-14/60+ years old, %)	27.5 / 11.6	25.5 / 12.3	23.6 / 13.3^a
International migrant stockⁿ (000/% of total pop.)	152.6 / 0.5	1 184.8 / 3.6	1 837.2 / 5.4^k
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	1.8	1 110.8	1 567.3^k
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	17.3	15.7	12.5^a
Health: Current expenditure^o (% of GDP)	4.9^p	6.4	6.1^q
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	1.1^r	1.4	1.7^b
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	102.1 / 103.5	113.3 / 112.8	114.4 / 113.5^b
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	102.0 / 107.0	101.1 / 101.8	124.1 / 117.3^b
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	92.1 / 95.4	98.6 / 97.7	97.1 / 98.5^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	7.4	5.8	8.6^s
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	22.3	30^t,u	41.5^u

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	40.9^v	65.3^w,x	79.5^w,x,b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.1	0.2	0.2^y,q
Threatened species (number)	643	819	1 218^k
Forested area (% of land area)	57.2	56.5	56.2^q
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	44.4 / 1.5	44.0 / 1.3	58.7 / 1.8^q
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	953	932	1 041^q
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	30	29	35^q
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^z (000)	3 456	897	2 009^q
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	20.6	22.2	23.2^k
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	58.7 / 20.1	59.5 / 22.2	59.8 / 23.0^q
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	44.0 / ...	56.5 / ...	61.6 / ...^q
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	0.18	0.25	0.23^b

Footnotes

a		Projected est. (medium fertility variant).
b		2023
c		Refers to the Province of Lima and the Constitutional Province of Callao.
d		2019
e		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
f		Exc. irrigation canals and landscaping care.
g		Exc. publishing activities. Inc. irrigation canals.
h		Inc. publishing activities and landscape care. Exc. repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		Metropolitan Lima.
k		2024
l		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
m		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
n		Including refugees.
o		Based on calendar year (January 1 to December 31).
p		Data are based on SHA2011.
q		2022
r		2012
s		2021
t		The figures correspond to the situation prior to the dissolution of Parliament in September 2019. New elections were held in January 2020 (final results are still pending).
u		Data at 1 January of the reporting year.
v		Population aged 6 years and over.
w		Users in the last month.
x		Population aged 14 years and over.
y		Provisional data.
z		Including nationals residing abroad.