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General Information

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	147 528	189 803	226 850^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	8.3	3.3	2.2^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	5 082.3	6 229.0	6 977.8^b
Economy: Agriculture^d (% of Gross Value Added)	7.5	7.7	7.6^b
Economy: Industry^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	39.1	33.2	32.8^b
Economy: Services and other activity^g (% of GVA)	53.5	59.1	59.6^b
Employment in agriculture (% of employed)	27.7	28.3	27.2^h,i
Employment in industry (% of employed)	16.9	16.6	15.3^h,i
Employment in services (% employed)	55.4	55.2	57.5^h,i
Unemployment^h (% of labour force)	3.5	3	3.2ⁱ
Labour force participation rate^h (female/male pop. %)	72.1 / 85.9	67.9 / 83.8	70.6 / 85.5ⁱ
CPI: Consumer Price Index^j (2010=100)	100	118	132ⁱ
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	84	100	117^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	35 807	33 667	35 887^h,i
International trade: imports (million current US$)	29 966	38 026	22 009^h,i
International trade: balance (million current US$)	5 842	- 4 359	13 878^h,i
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 3 564	- 9 526	- 3 531^b

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rate^k (average annual %)	0.8	1	1.6ⁱ
Urban population (% of total population)	76.4	77.4	78.1^b
Urban population growth rate^k (average annual %)	1.6	1.6	...
Fertility rate, total^k (live births per woman)	2.7	2.4	2.3ⁱ
Life expectancy at birth^k (females/males, years)	76.1 / 71.3	77.7 / 72.6	79.2 / 73.7ⁱ
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	30.1 / 8.9	28.1 / 10.7	24.7 / 12.8^a
International migrant stock^l (000/% of total pop.)	104.7 / 0.4	154.8 / 0.5	1 224.5 / 3.7ⁱ
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	1.4^m	1.8	1 110.8ⁱ
Infant mortality rate^k (per 1 000 live births)	18.1	14.1	12.8ⁱ
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	4.7ⁿ	5	5.2^o
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.9^p	1.1^q	0.8^o
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	2.9	4	3.8^b
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	110.0 / 109.8	100.3 / 100.2	111.3 / 115.7^b
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	93.5 / 91.1	97.4 / 97.8	105.6 / 112.1^b
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	80.2 / 73.5	91.4 / 90.9	103.6 / 108.6^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	...	7.4	7.9^r
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	27.5	22.3	26.2^s

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	34.8^t	40.9	60^b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	...	0.1	0.1^o
Threatened species (number)	551	643	919
Forested area^h (% of land area)	57.9	57.2	56.8^o
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	41.5 / 1.4	49.5 / 1.6	50.0 / 1.6^o
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	810	938	918^o
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	28	29	31^o
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^u,v (000)	2 299	3 456	4 419^o
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	26.7	27.9	29.6ⁱ
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	57.9 / 18.0	58.6 / 20.1	59.4 / 22.1ⁱ
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %)	36.0 / ...	49.3 / ...	63.5 / ...ⁱ
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	-0.22	0.18	0.21^b

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2019
c		Refers to the Province of Lima and the Constitutional Province of Callao.
d		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
e		Excludes publishing activities.
f		Includes irrigation canals.
g		Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
h		Estimate.
i		2020
j		Metropolitan Lima.
k		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
l		Including refugees.
m		Data as at the end of December.
n		Country is still reporting data based on SHA 1.0.
o		2018
p		2009
q		2012
r		2017
s		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
t		Population aged 6 years and over.
u		Including tourists with identity document other than a passport.
v		Including nationals residing abroad.