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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	189 803	201 948	242 632^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	3.3	-10.9	2.7^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	6 180.1	6 063.6	7 125.8^b
Economy: Agriculture^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	7.7	8.3	8.6^b
Economy: Industry^h (% of Gross Value Added)	33.2	32.8	37.2^b
Economy: Services and other activity^f,i (% of GVA)	59.1	58.9	54.2^b
Employment in agriculture^j (% of employed)	27	33.7	25.7^b
Employment in industry^j (% of employed)	17.4	15.9	17.5^b
Employment in services^j (% employed)	55.6	50.5	56.8^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	3.3	7.2	3.5^j
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	67.7 / 84.4	59.9 / 78.3	65.5 / 78.7^j
CPI: Consumer Price Index^k (2010=100)	118	133	160^e
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	99	118	128^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	33 667	38 757	59 409^j,e
International trade: imports (million current US$)	38 026	36 064	52 973^j,e
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 4 359	2 693	6 436^j,e
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 8 747	1 890	2 219^e

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate (average annual %)	1.2	1.1	1.1^a
Urban population (% of total population)	77.4	78.1^d	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	1.6^l	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	2.2	2.1	2^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	78.0 / 73.6	78.0 / 70.4	80.3 / 75.6^a
Population age distribution^m (0-14/60+ years old, %)	27.5 / 11.6	25.5 / 12.3	24.0 / 13.0^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	154.8 / 0.5ⁿ	1 224.5 / 3.7ⁿ	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	1.8	1 110.8	1 534.2^e
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	17.3	15.7	12.8^a
Health: Current expenditure^p (% of GDP)	5^o	6.3	6.2^q
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	1.1^r	1.4^s	1.6^b
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	4	4.3	4^q
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	98.9 / 100.4	106.7 / 106.4	107.6 / 107.2^e
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	101.0 / 106.3	97.4 / 98.2	114.5 / 108.3^e
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	91.6 / 95.1	97.4 / 96.8	87.8 / 89.5^e
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	7.3	5.7	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	22.3	30^t,u	38.5^t

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	40.9	65.3^v,w	74.7^v,w,b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.1	0.2	0.2^x,b
Threatened species (number)	643	819	1 165^e
Forested area (% of land area)	57.2	56.5	56.4^q
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	44.4 / 1.4	42.5 / 1.3	46.1 / 1.4^q
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	953	891	913^q
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	29	27	29^q
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^y,z (000)	3 456	897	2 009^b
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	27.3	28.2	28.8^e
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	58.7 / 20.1	59.5 / 22.2	59.8 / 23.0^b
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	44.0 / ...	56.5 / ...	61.6 / ...^b
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	0.18	0.25	0.15^q

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2022
c		Refers to the Province of Lima and the Constitutional Province of Callao.
d		2019
e		2023
f		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
g		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
h		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4. Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation canals.
i		Includes publishing activities and landscape care. Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
j		Estimate.
k		Metropolitan Lima.
l		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
m		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
n		Including refugees.
o		Data are based on SHA2011.
p		Data based on calendar year (January 1 to December 31).
q		2021
r		2012
s		2018
t		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
u		The figures correspond to the situation prior to the dissolution of Parliament in September 2019. New elections were held in January 2020 (final results are still pending).
v		Users in the last month.
w		Population aged 14 years and over.
x		Provisional data.
y		Including nationals residing abroad.
z		Including tourists with identity document other than a passport.