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General Information

Region		Central America
Population (000, 2021)		4 382^a
Pop. density (per km2, 2021)		58.9^a
Capital city		Panama City
Capital city pop. (000, 2021)		1 821.7^c,b
UN membership date		13-Nov-45
Surface area (km2)		75 320^b
Sex ratio (m per 100 f)		100.2^a
National currency		Balboa (PAB)
Exchange rate (per US$)		1^d

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	29 440	54 092	66 788^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	5.8	5.7	3^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	8 082.0	13 630.3	15 728.0^b
Economy: Agriculture (% of Gross Value Added)	3.8	2.9	2.2^b
Economy: Industry (% of Gross Value Added)	20.1	28.7	30.6^b
Economy: Services and other activity (% of GVA)	76.2	68.4	67.2^b
Employment in agriculture (% of employed)	17.4	14.7	13.7^e,d
Employment in industry (% of employed)	18.7	18.7	18.8^e,d
Employment in services (% employed)	63.9	66.6	67.5^e,d
Unemployment^e (% of labour force)	3.7	3	3.8^d
Labour force participation rate^e (female/male pop. %)	47.1 / 80.0	50.7 / 79.2	53.4 / 79.8^d
CPI: Consumer Price Index^f (2010=100)	100	120	120^d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	90	100	104^b
International trade: exports^g (million current US$)	10 987	11 348	1 726^e,d
International trade: imports^g (million current US$)	16 737	10 375	8 077^e,d
International trade: balance^g (million current US$)	- 5 751	973	- 6 351^e,d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 3 113	- 4 848	1 233^d

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rate^h (average annual %)	1.8	1.7	1.7^d
Urban population (% of total population)	65.1	66.7	68.1^b
Urban population growth rate^h (average annual %)	2.2	2.2	...
Fertility rate, total^h (live births per woman)	2.6	2.6	2.5^d
Life expectancy at birth^h (females/males, years)	79.3 / 73.5	80.4 / 74.4	81.5 / 75.1^d
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	29.1 / 9.7	27.8 / 10.8	26.2 / 12.6^a
International migrant stockⁱ (000/% of total pop.)	157.8 / 4.3	184.7 / 4.7	313.2 / 7.3^d
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	17.6^j	19.3	135.3^d
Infant mortality rate^h (per 1 000 live births)	17.8	16	14.1^d
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	7.1	6.8	7.3^k
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	1.4	1.6	1.6^b
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	3.5^l	3.2^m	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	103.1 / 107.0	94.9 / 97.2	93.4 / 95.4ⁿ
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	73.5 / 69.2	77.9 / 73.9	78.3 / 74.1ⁿ
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	56.3 / 48.3	62.5 / 55.3	61.6 / 54.4ⁿ
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	12.6	11.9	9.4^k
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	8.5	19.3	22.5^o

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	40.1^p	51.2	63.6^b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.1	0.1	0.1ⁿ
Threatened species (number)	347	373	497
Forested area (% of land area)	58.2^e	57.6	57.1^k
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	8.6 / 2.4	9.8 / 2.5	9.3 / 2.2^k
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	26	36	44^k
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	39	43	44^k
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	1 324	2 110	1 785^k
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	33.2	33.2	33.2^d
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	0.48	0.02	0.11^b

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2019
c		Refers to the metropolitan area of Panama City.
d		2020
e		Estimate.
f		Urban areas.
g		From 2004 to 2011 merchandise data including Zona Libre de Colon.
h		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
i		Including refugees.
j		Data as at the end of December.
k		2018
l		2008
m		2011
n		2017
o		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
p		Multipliers were applied to residential and commercial subscriptions, taking into account the average size of households and employees per business.