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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2025
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	23 667	32 859	40 484^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	4	-2.4	2^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	851	1 134.0	1 363.0^b
Economy: Agriculture^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	29.4	25.2	23.9^b
Economy: Industry^f,h (% of Gross Value Added)	14.6	13.7	13.6^b
Economy: Services and other activity^f,i (% of GVA)	56	61.2	62.5^b
Employment in agriculture^j (% of employed)	64.7	62.1	61.2^b
Employment in industry^j (% of employed)	16	17.4	17.6^b
Employment in services^j (% employed)	19.3	20.6	21.2^b
Unemployment^j (% of labour force)	10.6	13	10.7
Labour force participation rate^j (female/male pop. %)	27.0 / 55.3	27.2 / 53.3	27.7 / 53.6
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	104^k	81^l	102^l,e
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	97	120	121^b
International trade: exports^m (million current US$)	660	855	1 231^j,e
International trade: imports^m (million current US$)	6 612	9 745	13 104^j,e
International trade: balance^m (million current US$)	- 5 952	- 8 890	- 11 873^j,e
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	2 447	-84	1 954^e

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Population growth rate (average annual %)	0.7	1.8	-0.1^a
Urban population (% of total population)	18.6	20.2^d	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	3.2ⁿ	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	2.3	2.1	1.9^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	68.6 / 66.1	70.8 / 67.5	72.4 / 69.3^a
Population age distribution^o (0-14/60+ years old, %)	33.0 / 8.4	30.1 / 9.1	28.1 / 9.7^a
International migrant stock^p (000/% of total pop.)	509.5 / 1.8	487.6 / 1.7	470.7 / 1.6^e
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	36.8	20.1	20.4^q,e
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	40.3	30.3	23.5^a
Health: Current expenditure^r (% of GDP)	5.5	5.2	6.7^s
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.6^t	0.9	1^b
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	149.8 / 137.6	124.8 / 119.2	124.5 / 124.7^e
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	98.4 / 90.7	104.1 / 100.4	107.8 / 107.5^e
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	51.1 / 48.8^j	75.7 / 70.8	78.7 / 76.7^e
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	2.1	2.1	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	29.5	32.7^u	33.4^u

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Individuals using the Internet^j (per 100 inhabitants)	17.6	38.9	55.8^b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.3^v,w,x	...	...
Threatened species (number)	105	109	137^e
Forested area (% of land area)	41.6	41.6	41.6^s
CO2 emission estimates^y (million tons/tons per capita)	5.6 / 0.2	12.9 / 0.4	15.7 / 0.5^s
Energy production, primary^y (Petajoules)	416	453	475^j,s
Energy supply per capita^y (Gigajoules)	18	22	23^j,s
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^z (000)	539	230	615^s
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	51.7	51.7	51.7^e
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	33.0 / 23.8	24.8 / 15.9	23.2 / 14.2^s
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	35.4 / 37.6	43.0 / 49.7	44.6 / 52.2^s
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	4.96	5.2	2.84^b

Footnotes

a		Projected est. (medium fertility variant).
b		2023
c		Refers to the municipality.
d		2019
e		2024
f		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
g		Exc. irrigation canals and landscaping care.
h		Exc. publishing activities. Inc. irrigation canals.
i		Inc. publishing activities and landscape care. Exc. repair of personal and household goods.
j		Estimate.
k		Index base: 2014/2015=100.
l		Base 2023-2024 = 100.
m		Merchandise trade data up to 2009 reported by fiscal year and beginning 2010 reported by calendar year.
n		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
o		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
p		Including refugees.
q		Various studies estimate a large number of individuals without citizenship certificates in Nepal, who are not all necessarily stateless. UNHCR has been working closely with the Government of Nepal and partners to address this situation.
r		Data refer to fiscal years beginning 16 July.
s		2022
t		2013
u		Data at 1 January of the reporting year.
v		Based on R&D budget instead of R&D expenditure.
w		Partial data.
x		2010
y		Data refer to fiscal years ending 30 June.
z		Including arrivals from India.