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General Information

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	428 757	385 802	403 336^c
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	0.7	2	1.2^c
GDP per capita (current US$)	87 754.3	74 194.9	74 985.5^c
Economy: Agriculture^e (% of Gross Value Added)	1.8	1.7	2.2^c
Economy: Industry^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	39	34.8	32.8^c
Economy: Services and other activity^h (% of GVA)	59.2	63.4	65^c
Employment in agriculture (% of employed)	2.5	2	2^i,d
Employment in industry (% of employed)	19.7	20.1	19.1^i,d
Employment in services (% employed)	77.8	77.9	78.9^i,d
Unemploymentⁱ (% of labour force)	3.5	4.3	3.3^d
Labour force participation rateⁱ (female/male pop. %)	61.8 / 69.6	61.3 / 68.4	60.3 / 67.0^d
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	100	109	122^d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	97	100	102^c
International trade: exports (million current US$)	130 657	103 785	82 665^d
International trade: imports (million current US$)	77 330	76 399	81 304^d
International trade: balance (million current US$)	53 327	27 386	1 361^d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	50 258	31 106	7 185^d

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rate^b,j (average annual %)	1.1	1.2	0.8^d
Urban population^b (% of total population)	79.1	81.1	82.6^c
Urban population growth rate^b,j (average annual %)	1.4	1.7	...
Fertility rate, total^b,j (live births per woman)	1.9	1.8	1.7^d
Life expectancy at birth^b,j (females/males, years)	82.8 / 78.3	83.6 / 79.5	84.2 / 80.2^d
Population age distribution^b (0-14/60+ years old, %)	18.8 / 21.0	18.0 / 21.8	17.1 / 23.5^a
International migrant stock^b (000/% of total pop.)	524.6 / 10.7	746.4 / 14.4	852.2 / 15.7^d
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	55.9^k	54.9	55^d
Infant mortality rate^b,j (per 1 000 live births)	3	2.4	2.1^d
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	8.9	10.1	10^l
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	4.1	4.4	4.9^c
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	6.7	7.6	7.9^m
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	99.2 / 98.9	99.8 / 100.0	100.1 / 100.1^l
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	111.7 / 113.5	113.2 / 116.0	114.7 / 120.1^l
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	124.1 / 127.8	122.1 / 129.4	125.2 / 133.7^l
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	0.6	0.5	0.5^l
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	39.6	39.6	44.4ⁿ

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	93.4^o	96.8^p	98^c
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	1.6	1.9	2.1^q,l
Threatened species (number)	36	44	118
Forested area (% of land area)	33.1	33.2	33.3^l
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	40.0 / 8.2	37.2 / 7.2	26.0 / 4.9^c
Energy production, primary^b (Petajoules)	8 672	8 689	8 664^l
Energy supply per capita^b (Gigajoules)	277	234	220^l
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	4 767^r	5 361^s	5 879^s,c
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	51.8	53.9	56.5^d
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed^t (% of GNI)	1.05	1.05	0.99^m

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		Including Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands.
c		2019
d		2020
e		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
f		Excludes publishing activities.
g		Includes irrigation canals.
h		Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
k		Data as at the end of December.
l		2018
m		2017
n		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
o		Population aged 16 to 74 years.
p		Users in the last 3 months.
q		Provisional data.
r		Arrivals of non-resident tourists at national borders.
s		Non-resident tourists staying in all types of accommodation establishments.
t		Development Assistance Committee member (OECD).