UNData

General Information

Region		Western Europe
Population (000, 2019)		17 097
Pop. density (per km2, 2019)		507
Capital city		Amsterdam^b
Capital city pop. (000, 2019)		1 140.3
UN membership date		10-Dec-45
Surface area (km2)		41 542^a
Sex ratio (m per 100 f)		99.2
National currency		Euro (EUR)
Exchange rate (per US$)		0.9^c

Economic indicators

	2005	2010	2019
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	685 076	846 555	830 573^a
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2010 prices)	2.2	1.4	3.2^a
GDP per capita (current US$)	41 856.7	50 743.8	48 754.1^a
Economy: Agriculture^d (% of Gross Value Added)	2.1	2	2.1^a
Economy: Industry^d (% of Gross Value Added)	23.6	21.9	19.4^a
Economy: Services and other activity^d (% of GVA)	74.3	76.1	78.5^a
Employment: Agriculture^e (% of employed)	3.3	3.1	2.1
Employment: Industry^e (% of employed)	20.5	17.6	16.2
Employment: Services^e (% employed)	76.1	79.3	81.7
Unemployment (% of labour force)	4.7	4.4	3.4^e
Labour force participation^e (female/male pop. %)	56.6 / 72.3	58.2 / 71.3	57.9 / 68.6
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	93	100	113^c
Agricultural production index (2004-2006=100)	100	112	118^f
Index of industrial production (2005=100)	100	107	103^g
International trade: Exports (million current US$)	349 813	492 646	576 573^e,c
International trade: Imports (million current US$)	310 591	439 987	522 846^e,c
International trade: Balance (million current US$)	39 222	52 659	53 728^c
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	41 600	61 820	99 063^c

Social indicators

	2005	2010	2019
Population growth rate^h (average annual %)	0.5	0.4	0.3ⁱ
Urban population (% of total population)	82.6	87.1	91.9
Urban population growth rate^h (average annual %)	2	1.4	1ⁱ
Fertility rate, total^h (live births per woman)	1.7	1.7	1.7ⁱ
Life expectancy at birth^h (females/males, years)	81.0 / 76.2	82.2 / 78.0	83.1 / 79.4ⁱ
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	18.3 / 19.3	17.5 / 22.0	15.9 / 26.1
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	1 736.1 / 10.6	1 832.5 / 11.0	2 056.5 / 12.1^a
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	139.7^j	90.1^j	111.9^c
Infant mortality rate^h (per 1 000 live births)	4.9	4.1	3.5ⁱ
Health: Current expenditure^e (% of GDP)	9.3	10.4	10.4^f
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	...	3	3.5^f
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	5.2	5.6	5.4ⁱ
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	105.5 / 107.9	108.1 / 108.5	103.3 / 103.3^f
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	117.2 / 119.5	121.2 / 122.9	133.8 / 131.6^f
Education: Tertiary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	61.1 / 56.4	67.3 / 60.3	85.3 / 75.6^f
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	1.1	0.9	0.6^f
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	36.7	42	31.3

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2005	2010	2019
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	81^k,l	90.7^k,l	93.2^a
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	1.8	1.7	2^m,f
Threatened species (number)	34ⁿ	24	45
Forested area (% of land area)	10.8	11.1	11.2^e,f
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	181.5 / 11.1	183.1 / 11.0	167.3 / 9.9^g
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	2 606	2 971	1 925^f
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	205	209	180^f
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	10 012	10 883	17 924^a
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	91.3	91.4	91.4^c
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed^o (% of GNI)	0.82	0.81	0.6^a

Footnotes

a		2017
b		Amsterdam is the capital and The Hague is the seat of government.
c		2018
d		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
e		Estimate.
f		2016
g		2014
h		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
i		2015
j		Data as at the end of December.
k		Population aged 16 to 74 years.
l		Users in the last 12 months.
m		Provisional data.
n		2004
o		Development Assistance Committee member (OECD).