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General Information

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	846 555	765 265	907 051^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	1.3	2	1.7^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	50 743.8	45 179.0	53 052.8^b
Economy: Agriculture^e (% of Gross Value Added)	2	1.9	1.8^b
Economy: Industry^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	21.9	20.2	19.9^b
Economy: Services and other activity^h (% of GVA)	76.1	77.9	78.3^b
Employment in agriculture (% of employed)	3.1	2.3	2^i,d
Employment in industry (% of employed)	17.7	16.4	15.8^i,d
Employment in services (% employed)	79.2	81.2	82.2^i,d
Unemploymentⁱ (% of labour force)	5	6.9	3^d
Labour force participation rateⁱ (female/male pop. %)	58.0 / 71.0	58.2 / 70.1	58.1 / 68.7^d
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	100	109	117^d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	90	100	100^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	492 646	464 697	551 598^d
International trade: imports (million current US$)	439 987	412 644	482 764^d
International trade: balance (million current US$)	52 659	52 053	68 834^d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	61 803	48 549	71 062^d

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rate^j (average annual %)	0.4	0.3	0.2^d
Urban population (% of total population)	87.1	90.2	91.9^b
Urban population growth rate^j (average annual %)	1.4	1	...
Fertility rate, total^j (live births per woman)	1.7	1.7	1.7^d
Life expectancy at birth^j (females/males, years)	82.2 / 78.0	83.1 / 79.4	83.8 / 80.3^d
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	17.5 / 22.0	16.8 / 24.1	15.5 / 27.1^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	1 832.5 / 11.0	1 996.3 / 11.8	2 358.3 / 13.8^d
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	90.1^k	92.5	108^d
Infant mortality rate^j (per 1 000 live births)	4.1	3.5	2.5^d
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	10.2	10.3	10^l
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	3	3.5	3.7^l
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	5.5	5.3	5.2^m
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	108.1 / 108.5	102.7 / 102.7	105.2 / 105.3^l
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	121.2 / 122.9	134.6 / 132.6	135.0 / 133.6^l
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	118.4 / 115.4	137.2 / 128.6	140.1 / 131.8^l
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	0.9	0.6	0.6^l
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	42	37.3	33.3ⁿ

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	90.7^o,p	91.7	93.3^b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	1.7	2	2.2^q,r,l
Threatened species (number)	24	29	75
Forested area (% of land area)	11.1	10.8	10.9^i,l
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	170.8 / 10.3	157.9 / 9.3	142.8 / 8.2^b
Energy production, primary^s (Petajoules)	2 979	2 004	1 524^l
Energy supply per capita^s (Gigajoules)	206	176	178^l
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	10 883	15 007	18 780^l
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	73	76.2	79.6^d
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %)	97.5 / 97.4	97.5 / 97.5	97.5 / 97.5^d
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed^t (% of GNI)	0.81	0.75	0.6^m

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2019
c		Amsterdam is the capital and The Hague is the seat of government.
d		2020
e		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
f		Excludes publishing activities.
g		Includes irrigation canals.
h		Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
k		Data as at the end of December.
l		2018
m		2017
n		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
o		Population aged 16 to 74 years.
p		Users in the last 12 months.
q		Break in the time series.
r		Provisional data.
s		Data exclude Suriname and the Netherlands Antilles (former)
t		Development Assistance Committee member (OECD).