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General Information

Region		Central America
Population (000, 2025)		7 008^a
Pop. density (per km2, 2025)		58.2^a
Capital city		Managua
Capital city pop. (000, 2025)		1 055.5^c
UN membership date		24 October 1945
Surface area (km2)		130 374^b
Sex ratio (m per 100 f)		96.9^a
National currency		Cordoba Oro (NIO)
Exchange rate (per US$)		36.6^d

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2025
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	12 757	12 682	17 829^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	4.8	-1.8	4.6^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	2 074.0	1 932.0	2 613.0^b
Economy: Agriculture (% of Gross Value Added)	17.8	17.4	17.2^b
Economy: Industry (% of Gross Value Added)	28.5	28.2	30.7^b
Economy: Services and other activity (% of GVA)	53.7	54.3	52.1^b
Employment in agriculture^e (% of employed)	31.2	28.7	27.7^b
Employment in industry^e (% of employed)	17.7	18.1	18.1^b
Employment in services^e (% employed)	51.1	53.3	54.2^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	4.7	6.2^e	4.5^e
Labour force participation rate^e (female/male pop. %)	48.4 / 83.0	48.0 / 81.7	50.2 / 81.6
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	137	169	222^d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	97	124	122^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	4 667	5 087	7 669^e,d
International trade: imports (million current US$)	5 866	6 545	12 253^e,d
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 1 199	- 1 458	- 4 584^e,d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 1 260	480	818^d

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Population growth rate (average annual %)	1.4	1.2	1.3^a
Urban population (% of total population)	57.9	58.8^c	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	1.5^f	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	2.4	2.3	2.2^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	75.6 / 70.1	74.0 / 67.6	77.7 / 72.6^a
Population age distribution^g (0-14/60+ years old, %)	32.2 / 7.0	30.4 / 7.7	28.3 / 8.5^a
International migrant stock^h (000/% of total pop.)	40.3 / 0.7	42.2 / 0.6	43.8 / 0.6^d
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	0.4	1	1^b
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	19.4	16.2	12.8^a
Health: Current expenditure^e,i (% of GDP)	8	8.6	9^j
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.9	0.7^k	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	107.2 / 110.5	108.0 / 111.7	108.0 / 111.0^b
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	83.0 / 80.4^l	... / ...	75.7 / 71.8^b
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	61.7 / 50.2^l	... / ...	63.0 / 66.5^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	8.5	7.9^c	11.3^m
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	39.1	47.2ⁿ	55ⁿ

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Individuals using the Internet^e (per 100 inhabitants)	19.7	42.2	58.2^b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.1^o	...	...
Threatened species (number)	141	161	321^d
Forested area (% of land area)	32.5	28.3	26.7^j
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	5.2 / 0.8	4.5 / 0.7	5.0 / 0.7^j
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	88	94	99^e,j
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	26	25	26^j
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^p (000)	1 386	384	818^j
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	67.9	67.9	67.9^d
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	67.2 / 38.6	67.3 / 38.5	... / ...
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	3.73	3.88	3.44^b

Footnotes

a		Projected est. (medium fertility variant).
b		2023
c		2019
d		2024
e		Estimate.
f		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
g		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
h		Including refugees.
i		Based on calendar year (January 1 to December 31).
j		2022
k		2018
l		2010
m		2021
n		Data at 1 January of the reporting year.
o		Higher Education only.
p		Including nationals residing abroad.