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General Information

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2020
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	363 360	494 583	421 821^d
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	8	2.7	1.9^d
GDP per capita (current US$)	2 292.4	2 730.4	2 153.5^d
Economy: Agriculture^e (% of Gross Value Added)	23.9	20.9	21.4^d
Economy: Industry^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	25.3	20.4	26^d
Economy: Services and other activity^e,g,h (% of GVA)	44.1	50.2	50.7^d
Employment in agricultureⁱ (% of employed)	41.4	36.9	34.7
Employment in industryⁱ (% of employed)	10.3	12.2	12.2
Employment in servicesⁱ (% employed)	48.4	50.9	53.1
Unemploymentⁱ (% of labour force)	3.8	4.3	8
Labour force participation rateⁱ (female/male pop. %)	55.3 / 64.5	48.8 / 58.9	47.6 / 57.8
CPI: Consumer Price Index^j (2010=100)	100	159	268^c
Agricultural production index (2004-2006=100)	105	120	119^k
International trade: exports (million current US$)	86 568	50 108ⁱ	79 964^i,c
International trade: imports (million current US$)	44 235	34 912ⁱ	72 765^i,c
International trade: balance (million current US$)	42 333	15 196ⁱ	7 199^i,c
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	13 111	- 15 439	5 334^d

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2020
Population growth rate^l (average annual %)	2.6	2.7	2.6
Urban population (% of total population)	43.5	47.8	51.2^c
Urban population growth rate^l (average annual %)	4.8	4.6	...
Fertility rate, total^l (live births per woman)	5.9	5.7	5.4
Life expectancy at birth^l (females/males, years)	50.5 / 49.0	52.8 / 51.2	55.1 / 53.3
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	44.0 / 4.5	44.1 / 4.5	43.5 / 4.5
International migrant stock^m,n (000/% of total pop.)	988.7 / 0.6	1 199.1 / 0.7	1 256.4 / 0.6^c
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	10.6^o	1 510.2	2 211.1^c
Infant mortality rate^l (per 1 000 live births)	89.3	75	62.1
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	3.3	3.6	3.8^a
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.4^p	0.4^q	0.4^d
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	81.0 / 89.1ⁱ	89.4 / 90.8^r	82.2 / 87.2^k
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	41.2 / 47.2	44.7 / 48.8	39.8 / 44.1^k
Education: Tertiary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	8.1 / 11.0	8.3 / 12.0^s	... / ...
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	...	...	34.5^k
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	7	6.7	3.4^t

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2020
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	11.5ⁱ	36^u	42^u,a
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.1^v	...	...
Threatened species (number)	297	333	380
Forested areaⁱ (% of land area)	9.9	7.7	7.7^a
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	55.4 / 0.3	82.6 / 0.5	86.0 / 0.4^a
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	10 591	10 677	10 402^a
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	34	33	34^a
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	1 555	1 255	1 889^k
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	80.4	80.4	80.4^c
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	24.1 / 14.0	24.5 / 15.2	24.6 / 15.7^a
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %)	27.4 / 24.6	29.0 / 24.1	29.5 / 23.9^a
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	0.6	0.51	0.87^d

Footnotes

a		2017
b		Data refers to the urban agglomeration.
c		2019
d		2018
e		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
f		Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation and canals.
g		Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
h		Excludes computer and related activities and radio/TV activities.
i		Estimate.
j		Rural and urban areas.
k		2016
l		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
m		Including refugees.
n		Refers to foreign citizens.
o		Data as at the end of December.
p		2009
q		2013
r		2014
s		2011
t		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
u		Population aged 18 years and over.
v		2007