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General Information

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	363 360	494 583	474 517^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	8	2.7	2.2^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	2 292.4	2 730.4	2 361.2^b
Economy: Agriculture^e (% of Gross Value Added)	23.9	20.9	22.1^b
Economy: Industry^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	25.3	20.4	27.7^b
Economy: Services and other activity^h (% of GVA)	50.8	58.8	50.2^b
Employment in agricultureⁱ (% of employed)	41.4	36.9	34.7^d
Employment in industryⁱ (% of employed)	10.3	12.2	12.2^d
Employment in servicesⁱ (% employed)	48.4	50.9	53.1^d
Unemploymentⁱ (% of labour force)	3.8	4.3	8^d
Labour force participation rateⁱ (female/male pop. %)	55.3 / 64.5	48.8 / 58.9	47.6 / 57.8^d
CPI: Consumer Price Index^j (2010=100)	100	159	303^k,d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	87	99	107^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	86 568	48 433	91 933^i,d
International trade: imports (million current US$)	44 235	33 831	108 104^i,d
International trade: balance (million current US$)	42 333	14 602	- 16 171^i,d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	13 111	- 15 439	- 16 976^d

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rate^l (average annual %)	2.6	2.7	2.6^d
Urban population (% of total population)	43.5	47.8	51.2^b
Urban population growth rate^l (average annual %)	4.8	4.6	...
Fertility rate, total^l (live births per woman)	5.9	5.7	5.4^d
Life expectancy at birth^l (females/males, years)	50.5 / 49.0	52.8 / 51.2	55.1 / 53.3^d
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	44.0 / 4.5	44.1 / 4.5	43.3 / 4.5^a
International migrant stock^m,n (000/% of total pop.)	990.5 / 0.6	1 199.1 / 0.7	1 308.6 / 0.6^d
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	10.6^o	1 510.2	2 689.5^d
Infant mortality rate^l (per 1 000 live births)	89.3	75	62.1^d
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	3.3	3.6	3.9^p
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.4^q	0.4^r	0.4^p
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	81.0 / 89.1ⁱ	89.4 / 90.8^s	82.2 / 87.2^t
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	41.2 / 47.2	44.7 / 48.8	39.8 / 44.1^t
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	38.4 / 44.5	41.6 / 46.3	36.1 / 41.0^t
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	...	...	34.5^i,t
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	7	6.7	3.6^u

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	11.5ⁱ	36^i,v	7.5^w
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.1^x	...	...
Threatened species (number)	297	333	403
Forested areaⁱ (% of land area)	25.5	24.6	24.1^p
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	56.9 / 0.4	82.5 / 0.5	104.3 / 0.5^p
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	10 591	10 677	10 592^p
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	34	33	34^p
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	1 555	1 255	1 889^t
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	80.4	80.4	80.4^d
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	23.5 / 13.7	24.4 / 15.7	25.4 / 17.7^d
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %)	26.9 / 23.7	30.9 / 24.6	35.1 / 25.6^d
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	0.6	0.51	0.76^b

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2019
c		Data refers to the urban agglomeration.
d		2020
e		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
f		Excludes publishing activities.
g		Includes irrigation canals.
h		Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		Rural and urban areas.
k		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
l		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
m		Including refugees.
n		Refers to foreign citizens.
o		Data as at the end of December.
p		2018
q		2009
r		2013
s		2014
t		2016
u		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
v		Population aged 18 years and over.
w		2017
x		2007