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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2025
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	16 209	14 235	20 954^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	7.4	-1.2	5.4^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	611	462	623^b
Economy: Agriculture^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	26.5	30.2	29.4^b
Economy: Industry^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	21	24.4	24.2^b
Economy: Services and other activity^f,h (% of GVA)	52.5	45.4	46.4^b
Employment in agricultureⁱ (% of employed)	72.1	70.5	69.5^b
Employment in industryⁱ (% of employed)	7.7	8.8	9.1^b
Employment in servicesⁱ (% employed)	20.1	20.7	21.5^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	3.4	3.9ⁱ	3.6ⁱ
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	78.1 / 80.1	77.5 / 79.1ⁱ	78.0 / 79.8ⁱ
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	126^j	188^j	103^k,l,d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	95	136	153^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	3 231	3 720	9 183^i,d
International trade: imports (million current US$)	7 908	6 514	10 961^i,d
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 4 677	- 2 794	- 1 778^i,d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 5 948	- 3 558	- 2 498^d

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Population growth rate (average annual %)	2.9	3	2.8^a
Urban population (% of total population)	34.4	36.5^c	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	4.5^m	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	5.2	5	4.6^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	60.7 / 56.4	64.2 / 58.2	66.9 / 60.7^a
Population age distributionⁿ (0-14/60+ years old, %)	45.7 / 4.5	45.2 / 4.3	44.2 / 4.1^a
International migrant stock^o (000/% of total pop.)	321.8 / 1.2	338.8 / 1.1	353.1 / 1.0^d
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	18.8	332.2	608.3^d
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	83.9	70.5	61.9^a
Health: Current expenditure^p (% of GDP)	6.6	7.5	8.8^q
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.1^r	0.1	0.2^q
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	110.2 / 120.8ⁱ	115.5 / 122.4	115.6 / 120.0^b
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	40.0 / 43.7ⁱ	39.2 / 41.6^s	42.8 / ...^q
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	21.6 / 23.7ⁱ	32.7 / 23.8^t	27.9 / ...^q
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	3.6^u	...	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	39.6	41.2^v	39.2^v

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Individuals using the Internetⁱ (per 100 inhabitants)	6.5	14.3	19.8^b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.3	...	...
Threatened species (number)	268	426	627^d
Forested area (% of land area)	48.2	46.7	46.1^q
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	6.3 / 0.2	5.4 / 0.2	7.6 / 0.2^q
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	702	733	1 014^q
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	17	14	15^q
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^w (000)	1 552	952	492^x
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	40	40	40^d
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	... / 14.2	... / 19.2	... / 20.9^q
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	11.44	18.34	15.58^b

Footnotes

a		Projected est. (medium fertility variant).
b		2023
c		2019
d		2024
e		Exc. irrigation canals and landscaping care.
f		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
g		Exc. publishing activities. Inc. irrigation canals.
h		Inc. publishing activities and landscape care. Exc. repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
k		Data refer to 8 cities only.
l		Base 2023 = 100
m		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
n		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
o		Including refugees.
p		Based on calendar year (January 1 to December 31).
q		2022
r		2013
s		2017
t		2018
u		2011
v		Data at 1 January of the reporting year.
w		The data of all the border posts of the country are used.
x		2021