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General Information

Region		Central America
Population (000, 2021)		130 262^a
Pop. density (per km2, 2021)		67^a
Capital city		Mexico City
Capital city pop. (000, 2021)		21 671.9^c,b
UN membership date		07-Nov-45
Surface area (km2)		1 964 375^b
Sex ratio (m per 100 f)		95.8^a
National currency		Mexican Peso (MXN)
Exchange rate (per US$)		20^d

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	1 057 801	1 170 567	1 256 441^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	5.1	3.3	-0.3^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	9 271.4	9 606.0	9 848.6^b
Economy: Agriculture^e (% of Gross Value Added)	3.4	3.4	3.6^b
Economy: Industry^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	33.7	31.8	32.8^b
Economy: Services and other activity^h (% of GVA)	62.9	64.8	63.6^b
Employment in agriculture (% of employed)	13.9	13.4	12.4^i,d
Employment in industry (% of employed)	24.4	25.2	26.2^i,d
Employment in services (% employed)	61.7	61.4	61.4^i,d
Unemploymentⁱ (% of labour force)	5.3	4.3	3.6^d
Labour force participation rateⁱ (female/male pop. %)	43.1 / 79.7	43.9 / 79.0	44.2 / 78.3^d
CPI: Consumer Price Index^j (2010=100)	100	119	146^d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	89	98	113^b
International trade: exports^k (million current US$)	298 305	380 550	418 141^d
International trade: imports^k (million current US$)	301 482	395 234	383 306^d
International trade: balance^k (million current US$)	- 3 177	- 14 684	34 835^d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 4 830	- 31 058	26 571^d

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rate^l (average annual %)	1.5	1.3	1.1^d
Urban population (% of total population)	77.8	79.3	80.4^b
Urban population growth rate^l (average annual %)	2	1.8	...
Fertility rate, total^l (live births per woman)	2.4	2.3	2.1^d
Life expectancy at birth^l (females/males, years)	78.0 / 72.4	77.9 / 72.0	77.8 / 72.1^d
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	29.5 / 8.8	27.6 / 10.0	25.5 / 11.5^a
International migrant stock^m (000/% of total pop.)	969.7 / 0.8	1 013.7 / 0.8	1 197.6 / 0.9^d
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	1.6ⁿ	2.2	204.9^d
Infant mortality rate^l (per 1 000 live births)	17.1	15.2	13.5^d
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	6	5.8	5.4^o
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	4	4.6	4.8^o
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	5.2	5.2	4.5^p
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	109.8 / 111.4	106.5 / 106.7	105.4 / 104.7^o
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	90.4 / 83.8	104.1 / 97.6	109.6 / 100.8^o
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	62.4 / 58.6	73.3 / 72.0	86.6 / 81.7^o
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	22.6	17	29.1^o
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	27.6	38	48.2^q

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	31ⁱ	57.4^r	70.1^b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.5	0.4	0.3^i,o
Threatened species (number)	943	1 109	2 078
Forested area (% of land area)	34.4	34.1	33.9^o
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	440.5 / 3.9	442.4 / 3.7	455.0 / 3.6^b
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	9 403	8 031	6 697^o
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	66	64	60^o
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^s (000)	23 290	32 093	41 313^o
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	33.3	34.7	36.2^d
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %)	35.5 / ...	47.2 / ...	59.7 / ...^d
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	0.04	0.03	0.04^b

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2019
c		Refers to the total population in 76 municipalities of the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City.
d		2020
e		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
f		Excludes publishing activities.
g		Includes irrigation canals.
h		Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
k		Imports FOB.
l		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
m		Including refugees.
n		Data as at the end of December.
o		2018
p		2017
q		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
r		Population aged 6 years and over.
s		Including nationals residing abroad.