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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2025
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	8 216	11 769	12 627^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	8.5	0.8	1.5^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	481	603	598^b
Economy: Agriculture^d,e (% of Gross Value Added)	26.5	26.5	27.7^b
Economy: Industry^d,f (% of Gross Value Added)	18.4	20.2	19.3^b
Economy: Services and other activity^d,g (% of GVA)	55.1	53.3	52.9^b
Employment in agriculture^h (% of employed)	64.9	62.5	61.7^b
Employment in industry^h (% of employed)	7.5	7.9	8^b
Employment in services^h (% employed)	27.6	29.6	30.3^b
Unemployment^h (% of labour force)	5	5.7	5
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	65.2 / 74.4^h	63.1 / 73.9	62.9 / 70.9^h
CPI: Consumer Price Index^h (2010=100)	251	454	1 023ⁱ
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	99	133	142^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	1 072	771	396^h,i
International trade: imports (million current US$)	2 270	2 678	2 627^h,i
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 1 198	- 1 907	- 2 231^h,i
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 1 064	- 1 639	- 2 276^b

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Population growth rate (average annual %)	2.7	2.6	2.5^a
Urban population (% of total population)	16.3	17.2^c	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	3.9^j	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	4.4	3.9	3.5^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	65.2 / 59.4	68.8 / 61.7	71.0 / 64.4^a
Population age distribution^k (0-14/60+ years old, %)	45.4 / 4.3	43.1 / 4.0	40.1 / 4.0^a
International migrant stock^l (000/% of total pop.)	197.3 / 1.2	191.4 / 1.0	186.7 / 0.9ⁱ
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	22.6	47.7	54.5ⁱ
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	57	43.7	37.4^a
Health: Current expenditure^m (% of GDP)	6.6	7.2	6.5ⁿ
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	~0.0^o	~0.0	0.1ⁿ
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	139.2 / 139.4	139.8 / 138.8^c	128.6 / 124.6ⁿ
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	45.6 / 49.7	37.8 / 47.1^c	43.0 / 41.1ⁿ
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	20.1 / 24.4	18.6 / 21.0^c	20.1 / 22.1ⁿ
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	1.8^p	...	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	16.7	22.9^q	20.7^q

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	6^h	13.9^h	18^r,b
Threatened species (number)	171	130	162ⁱ
Forested area (% of land area)	26	23.8	22.9ⁿ
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	1.0 / 0.1	1.7 / 0.1	1.6 / 0.1ⁿ
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	135	151	150ⁿ
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	9	9	8ⁿ
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^s (000)	805	199	432^t
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	70.2	70.2	70.2ⁱ
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	47.3 / 7.0	50.9 / 9.2	52.4 / 10.2ⁿ
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	32.4 / 31.5	38.7 / 42.8	41.2 / 47.3ⁿ
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	11.66	12.43	12.62^b

Footnotes

a		Projected est. (medium fertility variant).
b		2023
c		2019
d		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
e		Exc. irrigation canals and landscaping care.
f		Exc. publishing activities. Inc. irrigation canals.
g		Inc. publishing activities and landscape care. Exc. repair of personal and household goods.
h		Estimate.
i		2024
j		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
k		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
l		Including refugees.
m		Data refer to fiscal years beginning 1 July.
n		2022
o		2013
p		2012
q		Data at 1 January of the reporting year.
r		Population aged 15 years and over.
s		Departures.
t		2021