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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2025
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	6 167	8 261	10 652^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	5.4	-0.4	6.5^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	1 555.0	1 796.0	2 121.0^b
Economy: Agriculture^d,e (% of Gross Value Added)	23	20.9	20.1^b
Economy: Industry^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	25.3	36.7	32.8^b
Economy: Services and other activity^e,g (% of GVA)	51.7	42.5	47^b
Employment in agriculture^h (% of employed)	33.4	34.1	32.7^b
Employment in industry^h (% of employed)	17.5	14.4	14.7^b
Employment in services^h (% employed)	49.1	51.5	52.6^b
Unemployment^h (% of labour force)	10.1	11.1	10.3
Labour force participation rate^h (female/male pop. %)	26.7 / 59.0	26.0 / 56.7	26.1 / 56.7
CPI: Consumer Price Indexⁱ (2010=100)	...	113	138^j
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	100	109	120^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	1 832	2 829	4 355^h,j
International trade: imports (million current US$)	3 703	2 744	4 726^h,j
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 1 872	85	-371^h,j
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	-956	-576	-967^b

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Population growth rate (average annual %)	3	2.9	2.7^a
Urban population (% of total population)	51.1	54.5^c	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	4.8^k	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	5.2	4.9	4.6^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	68.6 / 64.6	68.9 / 64.8	71.0 / 66.9^a
Population age distribution^l (0-14/60+ years old, %)	44.3 / 5.3	43.8 / 5.1	42.4 / 5.1^a
International migrant stock^m,n (000/% of total pop.)	166.6 / 4.2	182.3 / 4.0	195.9 / 3.8^j
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	77.3	91.8	140^j
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	48.8	41.8	35.3^a
Health: Current expenditure^o (% of GDP)	3.7	3	4.5^p
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.2	0.2	0.3^p
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	97.4 / 96.0	87.6 / 82.1	103.7 / 104.3^b
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	35.3 / 39.9	40.3 / 38.9	51.4 / 43.8^b
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	19.3 / 24.3	30.4 / 30.6	... / ...
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	...	1	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	25.2	20.3^q	23.3^q

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Individuals using the Internet^h (per 100 inhabitants)	17.6	27.4	37.4^b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	...	~0.0^r,s,t	...
Threatened species (number)	69	94	139^j
Forested area (% of land area)	0.3	0.3	0.3^p
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	3.0 / 0.8^h	4.9 / 1.1	5.4 / 1.1^p
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	30	22	22^h,p
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	15^h	20	20^p
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	11.2	11.2	11.2^j
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	5.5	7.93	4.02^b

Footnotes

a		Projected est. (medium fertility variant).
b		2023
c		2019
d		Exc. irrigation canals and landscaping care.
e		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
f		Exc. publishing activities. Inc. irrigation canals.
g		Inc. publishing activities and landscape care. Exc. repair of personal and household goods.
h		Estimate.
i		Index base: 2014=100.
j		2024
k		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
l		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
m		Refers to foreign citizens.
n		Including refugees.
o		Based on calendar year (January 1 to December 31).
p		2022
q		Data at 1 January of the reporting year.
r		Higher Education only.
s		Partial data.
t		2018