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General Information

Region		Eastern Asia
Population (000, 2021)		3 329^a
Pop. density (per km2, 2021)		2.1^a
Capital city		Ulaanbaatar
Capital city pop. (000, 2021)		1 552.7^b
UN membership date		27-Oct-61
Surface area (km2)		1 564 116^b
Sex ratio (m per 100 f)		97^a
National currency		Tugrik (MNT)
Exchange rate (per US$)		2 849.9^c

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	7 189	11 750	13 853^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	6.4	2.4	4.9^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	2 643.3	3 918.6	4 295.2^b
Economy: Agriculture^d (% of Gross Value Added)	13.1	14.5	12.4^b
Economy: Industry^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	37	33.8	43.9^b
Economy: Services and other activity^g (% of GVA)	50	51.7	43.8^b
Employment in agriculture (% of employed)	33.5	28.5	26.9^h,c
Employment in industry (% of employed)	16.2	20.3	19.5^h,c
Employment in services (% employed)	50.2	51.3	53.6^h,c
Unemployment^h (% of labour force)	6.6	4.9	6^c
Labour force participation rate^h (female/male pop. %)	53.1 / 65.1	53.8 / 67.2	53.1 / 66.1^c
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	100ⁱ	164ⁱ	125^j,c
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	66	111	140^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	2 908^h	4 669	7 576^h,c
International trade: imports (million current US$)	3 200^h	3 797	5 294^h,c
International trade: balance (million current US$)	-291^h	873	2 282^h,c
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	-885	-948	-675^c

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rate^k (average annual %)	1.5	2	1.8^c
Urban population (% of total population)	67.6	68.2	68.5^b
Urban population growth rate^k (average annual %)	3	2.1	...
Fertility rate, total^k (live births per woman)	2.4	2.8	2.9^c
Life expectancy at birth^k (females/males, years)	70.3 / 62.4	72.7 / 64.5	73.8 / 65.5^c
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	27.0 / 5.6	28.9 / 6.2	31.2 / 7.6^a
International migrant stock^l,m (000/% of total pop.)	16.1 / 0.6	19.9 / 0.7	21.3 / 0.7^c
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	0.3ⁿ	~0.0	~0.0^c
Infant mortality rate^k (per 1 000 live births)	30.5	22.8	18.1^c
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	3.7	4.2	3.8^o
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	2.8	3.2	3.9^o
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	4.6	4.2	4.1^p
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	124.3 / 127.2	99.4 / 101.3	102.3 / 104.5^b
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	94.8 / 88.3	... / ...	91.9 / 91.1^b
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	96.0 / 84.8	92.2 / 87.1	87.0 / 86.6^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	8.8	7.1	6.2^o
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	3.9	14.9	17.3^q

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	10.2	22.5	51.1^b
Research & Development expenditure^r (% of GDP)	0.2	0.2	0.1^o
Threatened species (number)	36	36	43
Forested area (% of land area)	9.1^h	9.1	9.1^o
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	14.1 / 5.2	17.1 / 5.7	21.1 / 6.7^o
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	655	654	1 394^o
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	60	91	171^o
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	456	386	577^b
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	40.4	40.4	45^c
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	36.9 / 5.3	37.7 / 8.1	38.6 / 11.4^c
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %)	45.0 / 34.1	52.0 / 41.1	58.7 / 48.7^c
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	4.34	2.19	2.53^b

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2019
c		2020
d		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
e		Excludes publishing activities.
f		Includes irrigation canals.
g		Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
h		Estimate.
i		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
j		Index base: 2015=100.
k		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
l		Refers to foreign citizens.
m		Including refugees.
n		Data as at the end of December.
o		2018
p		2017
q		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
r		Partial data.