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General Information

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	44 847	63 835	76 785^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	7.8	6.4	2.9^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	886.3	1 211.7	1 420.7^b
Economy: Agriculture^d (% of Gross Value Added)	35.3	26.7	23.1^b
Economy: Industry^d (% of Gross Value Added)	28.3	33.9	36.7^b
Economy: Services and other activity^d (% of GVA)	36.5	39.4	40.2^b
Employment in agriculture (% of employed)	53.5^e	51.7	48.1^e,c
Employment in industry (% of employed)	17.7^e	16.8	16.3^e,c
Employment in services (% employed)	28.8^e	31.5	35.6^e,c
Unemployment^e (% of labour force)	0.8	0.8	1.7^c
Labour force participation rate^e (female/male pop. %)	53.6 / 82.3	51.9 / 80.7	47.3 / 77.2^c
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	100	129	168^b
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	95	101	108^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	8 873	11 432	16 929^c
International trade: imports (million current US$)	4 866	16 913	17 964^c
International trade: balance (million current US$)	4 008	- 5 481	- 1 035^c
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	1 574	- 3 109	68^b

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rate^f (average annual %)	0.7	0.8	0.6^c
Urban population (% of total population)	28.9	29.9	30.9^b
Urban population growth rate^f (average annual %)	1.3	1.5	...
Fertility rate, total^f (live births per woman)	2.5	2.2	2.2^c
Life expectancy at birth^f (females/males, years)	65.8 / 59.1	68.0 / 61.3	69.8 / 63.7^c
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	30.0 / 7.3	27.8 / 8.5	25.1 / 10.3^a
International migrant stock^g (000/% of total pop.)	76.4 / 0.2	73.3 / 0.1	76.4 / 0.1^c
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	859.4^h	1 466.5	800.4^c
Infant mortality rate^f (per 1 000 live births)	52	43.7	38.4^c
Health: Current expenditure^i,j,k (% of GDP)	1.9	5.5	4.8^l
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.5	0.6^m	0.7^b
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	...	0.8ⁿ	1.9^b
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	97.6 / 98.6	100.3 / 103.3^o	109.7 / 114.8^l
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	49.2 / 47.1	52.3 / 51.3^o	71.3 / 65.6^l
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	36.7 / 33.2	36.1 / 32.4^o	59.2 / 49.7^l
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	1.6	2.2	2.3^p
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	...	6.2	15.3^q,r

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	0.2	21.7^e	23.6^s
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	...	...	~0.0^t,u,v,w,s
Threatened species (number)	249	301	408
Forested area (% of land area)	48.1	45.9^e	44.6^e,l
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	7.9 / 0.2	18.7 / 0.4	31.5 / 0.6^l
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	969	1 176	1 215^l
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	13	16	18^l
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	792	4 681	4 364^b
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	21.9	24.2	25.1^c
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	68.5 / 33.6	71.5 / 42.7	73.8 / 52.1^c
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %)	60.8 / 61.1	57.1 / 62.6	53.4 / 64.0^c
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	0.72	1.78	2.79^b

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2019
c		2020
d		At producers' prices.
e		Estimate.
f		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
g		Refers to foreign citizens.
h		Data as at the end of December.
i		Data refer to fiscal years beginning 1 April.
j		Country is still reporting data based on SHA 1.0.
k		Data revision.
l		2018
m		2012
n		2011
o		2014
p		2016
q		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
r		Figures correspond to members elected at or appointed following the 2020 elections. The new parliament was unable to hold its first sitting in February 2021 due to a military take over.
s		2017
t		Excluding business enterprise.
u		Partial data.
v		Excluding private non-profit.
w		Break in the time series.