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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2025
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	11 323	13 051	15 870^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	3.1	-7.1	4.2^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	445	451	509^b
Economy: Agriculture (% of Gross Value Added)	27	26.1	23.9^b
Economy: Industry (% of Gross Value Added)	19.9	20.6	24.5^b
Economy: Services and other activity (% of GVA)	53.2	53.3	51.7^b
Employment in agriculture^e (% of employed)	74.6	71.5	69.4^b
Employment in industry^e (% of employed)	9.2	9.6	10.1^b
Employment in services^e (% employed)	16.1	18.9	20.5^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	1.8	3.3^e	3^e
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	83.2 / 88.9	82.0 / 87.0^e	82.6 / 87.6^e
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	140	130^f,g	163^f,g,b
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	99	102	112^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	2 164	2 019^e	2 646^e,d
International trade: imports (million current US$)	2 961	3 220	5 017^e,d
International trade: balance (million current US$)	-796	- 1 201^e	- 2 370^e,d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	-256	-624	-829^h

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Population growth rate (average annual %)	2.6	2.5	2.4^a
Urban population (% of total population)	35.2	37.9^c	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	4.7ⁱ	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	4.3	4.2	3.8^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	65.0 / 61.8	64.6 / 60.9	65.8 / 62.3^a
Population age distribution^j (0-14/60+ years old, %)	42.0 / 4.7	40.4 / 5.1	38.9 / 5.4^a
International migrant stock^k,l (000/% of total pop.)	32.1 / 0.1	35.6 / 0.1	38.6 / 0.1^d
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	~0.0	0.3	1.2^d
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	66.4	66	63.2^a
Health: Current expenditure^m (% of GDP)	5	3.7	3.3^h
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.2ⁿ	...	0.2^h
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	139.4 / 138.3	128.1 / 125.1	135.6 / 129.9^d
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	47.3 / 46.0^e	42.3 / 39.7^c	44.2 / 41.0^o
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	20.7 / 21.8^e	21.1 / 21.0^c	22.2 / 21.5^o
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	20.5	15.9^p	14.1^p

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Individuals using the Internet^e (per 100 inhabitants)	4.2	11.4	20.4^b
Research & Development expenditure^q,r (% of GDP)	~0.0^s,n	~0.0^t	...
Threatened species (number)	965	2 910	3 971^d
Forested area (% of land area)	21.5	21.4	21.3^h
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	3.2 / 0.1	3.9 / 0.1	4.2 / 0.1^h
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	262	331^e	344^e,h
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	12	13^e	13^e,h
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^u (000)	244	68	8^o
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	24.8	26.8	26.8^d
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	33.6 / 8.6	39.0 / 9.3	41.3 / 9.6^h
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	13.3 / 7.2	15.5 / 9.0	16.3 / 9.7^h
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	6.22	10.22	7.98^b

a		Projected est. (medium fertility variant).
b		2023
c		2019
d		2024
e		Estimate.
f		Base: 2016 = 100
g		Data refer to 7 cities only.
h		2022
i		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
j		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
k		Including refugees.
l		Refers to foreign citizens.
m		Based on calendar year (January 1 to December 31).
n		2014
o		2021
p		Data at 1 January of the reporting year.
q		Government only.
r		Partial data.
s		Break in the time series.
t		2017
u		Arrivals of non-resident tourists by air.