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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2025
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	26 345	33 380	42 248^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	3.8	-3.5	1.7^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	13 320.0	17 558.0	22 444.0^b
Economy: Agriculture^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	4.1	4.7	4.4^b
Economy: Industry^e,g (% of Gross Value Added)	22.6	23.4	25.5^b
Economy: Services and other activity^e,h (% of GVA)	73.3	71.9	70.2^b
Employment in agricultureⁱ (% of employed)	7.9	7.2	6.8^b
Employment in industryⁱ (% of employed)	23.6	23.6	22.9^b
Employment in servicesⁱ (% employed)	68.4	69.1	70.3^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	9.9	8.1	6.3ⁱ
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	54.0 / 67.4	55.8 / 68.5	54.7 / 66.9ⁱ
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	108	117	156^d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	107	111	96^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	11 650	15 196	20 387^d
International trade: imports (million current US$)	14 096	17 029	23 496^d
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 2 446	- 1 833	- 3 109^d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	-33	1 032	-923^d

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Population growth rate (average annual %)	-0.9	-0.7	-1.1^a
Urban population (% of total population)	68	68.2^c	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	-1.2^j	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	1.7	1.5	1.3^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	79.3 / 69.7	80.0 / 70.7	80.7 / 71.9^a
Population age distribution^k (0-14/60+ years old, %)	15.1 / 25.7	16.0 / 27.6	15.2 / 29.2^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	265.4 / 13.4	239.4 / 12.6	220.5 / 11.8^d
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	263.2	217.5	227.5^l,d
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	4.9	4.3	3.3^a
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	5.7	7.3^m	7.6ⁿ
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	3.2	3.3	3.4ⁿ
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratioⁱ (f/m per 100 pop.)	99.4 / 99.4	99.9 / 99.8	98.6 / 98.3^b
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio ⁱ (f/m per 100 pop.)	101.5 / 104.4	100.9 / 101.8	99.8 / 101.0^b
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratioⁱ (f/m per 100 pop.)	121.4 / 122.9	111.8 / 109.9	105.5 / 102.7^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	3.4	3.7	2.5^b
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	18	30^o	31^o

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Individuals using the Internet^p (per 100 inhabitants)	79.2	88.9	92.2^b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.6	0.7	0.7^q
Threatened species (number)	25	40	59^d
Forested area (% of land area)	54.5	54.8	54.9ⁿ
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	6.6 / 3.4	6.1 / 3.2	5.6 / 3.0ⁿ
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	98	113	122ⁿ
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	91	95	95ⁿ
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^r (000)	2 024	636	478^q
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	97.3	97.3	97.3^d
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed^s (% of GNI)	0.08^t	...	0.34^b

Footnotes

a		Projected est. (medium fertility variant).
b		2023
c		2019
d		2024
e		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
f		Exc. irrigation canals and landscaping care.
g		Exc. publishing activities. Inc. irrigation canals.
h		Inc. publishing activities and landscape care. Exc. repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
k		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
l		With respect to persons under UNHCR’s statelessness mandate, this figure includes persons of concern covered by two separate Latvian laws. 159 persons fall under the Republic of Latvia’s Law on Stateless Persons on 17 February 2004. 180,455 of the persons fall under Latvia’s 25 April 1995 Law on the Status of those Former USSR Citizens who are not Citizens of Latvia or Any Other State (“Non-citizens”). In the specific context of Latvia, the “Non-citizens” enjoy the right to reside in Latvia ex lege and a set of rights and obligations generally beyond the rights prescribed by the 1954 Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons, including protection from removal, and as such the “Non-citizens” may currently be considered persons to whom the Convention does not apply in accordance with Article 1.2(ii).
m		Break in the time series.
n		2022
o		Data at 1 January of the reporting year.
p		Population aged 16 to 74 years.
q		2021
r		Non-resident departures. Survey of persons crossing the state border.
s		Development Assistance Committee member (OECD).
t		2014