UNData app

General Information

Region		Central Asia
Population (000, 2025)		20 844^a
Pop. density (per km2, 2025)		7.7^a
Capital city		Astana
Capital city pop. (000, 2025)		1 117.6^c
UN membership date		2 March 1992
Surface area (km2)		2 724 902^b
Sex ratio (m per 100 f)		95^a
National currency		Tenge (KZT)
Exchange rate (per US$)		525.1^d

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2025
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	184 388	171 082	264 293^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	1.2	-2.5	4.3^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	10 196.0	8 782.0	13 000.0^b
Economy: Agriculture^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	5	5.7	4.7^b
Economy: Industry^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	32.5	35	34.5^b
Economy: Services and other activity^f,h (% of GVA)	62.5	59.3	60.8^b
Employment in agricultureⁱ (% of employed)	18	13.5	12.1^b
Employment in industryⁱ (% of employed)	20.6	21.3	21.6^b
Employment in servicesⁱ (% employed)	61.4	65.3	66.3^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	4.9	4.9	4.7ⁱ
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	68.0 / 78.0ⁱ	66.5 / 76.4	65.4 / 75.2ⁱ
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	138	202^j	314^j,d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	99	101	101^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	45 954	41 874	78 255^i,d
International trade: imports (million current US$)	30 567	22 158	57 512^i,d
International trade: balance (million current US$)	15 387	19 716	20 743^i,d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 9 980	- 11 055	- 3 702^d

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Population growth rate (average annual %)	1.5	1.4	1.2^a
Urban population (% of total population)	57.2	57.5^c	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	1.7^k	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	2.8	3.1	3^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	76.5 / 67.2	75.5 / 66.8	78.6 / 70.4^a
Population age distribution^l (0-14/60+ years old, %)	27.7 / 10.6	29.2 / 12.2	29.1 / 13.5^a
International migrant stock^m (000/% of total pop.)	1 919.9 / 10.6	1 990.3 / 10.2	2 089.8 / 10.1^d
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	7.8	8.5	74.2^n,d
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	12.4	10.1	7.7^a
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	3	3.8	3.7^o
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	3.7	3.7	3.8^b
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	94.9 / 95.2	98.3 / 99.6	96.4 / 98.7^d
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	98.0 / 97.4	91.1 / 91.7	97.2 / 98.6^d
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	102.8 / 96.6	93.3 / 93.8	95.6 / 95.1^d
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	4.7	3.1	2.6^o
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	26.2	27.1^p	18.4^p

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Individuals using the Internet^q (per 100 inhabitants)	70.8	85.9	92.9^b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.2	0.1	0.1^o
Threatened species (number)	78	81	98^d
Forested area (% of land area)	1.2	1.3	1.3^o
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	239.0 / 13.2	209.7 / 10.8	221.9 / 11.1^o
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	6 812	6 650	6 753^o
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	176	142	145^o
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	6 430	2 035	4 729^o
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	26.5	28.2	28.2^d
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	85.3 / ...	84.4 / ...	84.3 / ...^o
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed (% of GNI)	...	...	0.02^o
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	0.05	0.05	0.03^b

Footnotes

a		Projected est. (medium fertility variant).
b		2023
c		2019
d		2024
e		Exc. irrigation canals and landscaping care.
f		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
g		Exc. publishing activities. Inc. irrigation canals.
h		Inc. publishing activities and landscape care. Exc. repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
k		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
l		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
m		Including refugees.
n		Based on the information reported in the media as well as UNHCR protection monitoring activities, UNHCR estimates there to be 65,500 people of various origins in Kazakhstan who may be in need of international protection
o		2022
p		Data at 1 January of the reporting year.
q		Population aged 6 years and over.