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General Information

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	40 000	64 008	95 502^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	8.4	5.7	5.4^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	951.7	1 336.9	1 816.5^b
Economy: Agriculture^d (% of Gross Value Added)	27.1	32.2	36.5^b
Economy: Industry^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	20.3	18.5	17.3^b
Economy: Services and other activity^g (% of GVA)	52.6	49.3	46.2^b
Employment in agriculture^h (% of employed)	60.3	57.3	53.8^c
Employment in industry^h (% of employed)	6.3	6.7	7.4^c
Employment in services^h (% employed)	33.4	36	38.7^c
Unemployment^h (% of labour force)	2.8	2.8	2.6^c
Labour force participation rate^h (female/male pop. %)	66.4 / 75.0	71.0 / 77.9	72.3 / 77.5^c
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	100	150	200^c
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	96	101	111^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	5 169	5 907	6 023^c
International trade: imports (million current US$)	12 093	16 058	15 405^c
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 6 924	- 10 151	- 9 382^c
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 2 369	- 4 421	- 5 559^b

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rateⁱ (average annual %)	2.8	2.6	2.3^c
Urban population (% of total population)	23.6	25.7	27.5^b
Urban population growth rateⁱ (average annual %)	4.4	4.4	...
Fertility rate, totalⁱ (live births per woman)	4.6	4.1	3.5^c
Life expectancy at birthⁱ (females/males, years)	60.3 / 56.7	65.2 / 60.6	68.5 / 63.8^c
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	43.4 / 3.2	41.4 / 3.6	38.0 / 4.3^a
International migrant stock^j (000/% of total pop.)	954.9 / 2.3	1 126.9 / 2.4	1 050.1 / 2.0^c
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	751^k	613.8	513.4^c
Infant mortality rateⁱ (per 1 000 live births)	51.1	41.6	36.3^c
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	6.1	5.2	5.2^l
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.2	0.2^m	0.2^l
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	5.5	5.3	5.3^h,l
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	102.7 / 105.1ⁿ	103.6 / 103.7	103.4 / 103.0^o
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	53.7 / 59.9ⁿ	... / ...	... / ...
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	39.1 / 45.1ⁿ	... / ...	... / ...
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	4.6	4.7	4.9^l
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	9.8	19.7	21.6^p

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	7.2	16.6	22.6^b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.8^q	...	...
Threatened species (number)	338	463	615
Forested area^h (% of land area)	6.4	6.2	6.3^l
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	11.2 / 0.3	14.8 / 0.3	15.9 / 0.3^l
Energy production, primary^h (Petajoules)	650	761	754^l
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	19^h	20	19^h,l
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^r,s (000)	1 470	1 114	1 364^t
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	34	34.2	34.2^c
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	59.3 / ...	58.3 / ...	57.7 / ...^c
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %)	... / 28.4	... / 29.0	... / 29.5^c
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	4.09	3.9	3.39^b

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2019
c		2020
d		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
e		Excludes publishing activities.
f		Includes irrigation canals.
g		Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
h		Estimate.
i		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
j		Including refugees.
k		Data as at the end of December.
l		2018
m		2014
n		2009
o		2016
p		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
q		Break in the time series.
r		Arrivals of non-resident visitors from all border entry points.
s		Excluding nationals residing abroad.
t		2017