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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	70 121	100 658	113 420^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	5	-0.3	4.8^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	1 496.7	1 936.3	2 099.3^b
Economy: Agriculture^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	20.6	24.1	22.5^b
Economy: Industry^e,g (% of Gross Value Added)	20	18.5	18.8^b
Economy: Services and other activity^e,h (% of GVA)	59.4	57.4	58.6^b
Employment in agricultureⁱ (% of employed)	36.4	33.6	32.6^b
Employment in industryⁱ (% of employed)	13.9	15.3	15.6^b
Employment in servicesⁱ (% employed)	49.7	51.1	51.8^b
Unemploymentⁱ (% of labour force)	2.8	5.6	5.6
Labour force participation rateⁱ (female/male pop. %)	71.4 / 77.3	71.3 / 75.2	72.3 / 75.3
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	150	200	246^d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	102	126	112^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	5 907	6 022	7 672^i,d
International trade: imports (million current US$)	16 058	15 407	19 565^i,d
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 10 151	- 9 385	- 11 893^i,d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 4 421	- 4 792	- 5 766^b

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate (average annual %)	2.2	2	1.9^a
Urban population (% of total population)	25.7	27.5^c	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	4.4^j	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	3.8	3.4	3.2^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	64.3 / 60.3	64.2 / 59.1	66.1 / 61.6^a
Population age distribution^k (0-14/60+ years old, %)	42.0 / 3.7	39.3 / 4.4	36.8 / 4.8^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	1 126.9 / 2.4^l	1 050.1 / 2.0^l	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	613.8	513.4	742.8^d
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	47.1	48.3	40.1^a
Health: Current expenditure^m (% of GDP)	4.8	4.5	4.5ⁿ
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.2^o	0.2^p	0.1^b
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	4.7	5.1^i,p	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	104.8 / 106.1	91.5 / 96.1	96.2 / 98.1^b
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	93.4 / 93.8	91.2 / 91.2	81.8 / 94.8^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	4.8	3.6	4.9^b
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	19.7	21.8^q	23.3^q

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	16.6	27.6^i,r	40.8^i,r,b
Research & Development expenditure^s (% of GDP)	0.7^t	...	0.4^u,v,w,b
Threatened species (number)	463	549	724^d
Forested area (% of land area)	6.2	6.3	6.3ⁿ
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	14.0 / 0.3	18.4 / 0.4	17.8 / 0.3ⁿ
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	761	738ⁱ	735^i,n
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	20	19ⁱ	18^i,n
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^x,y (000)	1 114	1 364^z	...
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	34.6	34.6	34.6^d
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	25.7 / 30.6	27.3 / 32.3	27.9 / 33.0^b
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	3.9	4.03	2.92ⁿ

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2022
c		2019
d		2023
e		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
f		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
g		Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation canals.
h		Includes publishing activities and landscape care. Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
k		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
l		Including refugees.
m		Data refer to fiscal years beginning 1 July.
n		2021
o		2014
p		2018
q		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
r		Population aged 3 years and over.
s		Break in the time series.
t		2010
u		Partial data.
v		Excluding business enterprise.
w		Excluding private non-profit.
x		Arrivals of non-resident visitors from all border entry points.
y		Excluding nationals residing abroad.
z		2017