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General Information

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	5 700 098	4 389 476	5 082 466^c
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	4.2	1.2	0.7^c
GDP per capita (current US$)	44 344.1	34 296.8	40 063.5^c
Economy: Agriculture^f (% of Gross Value Added)	1.1	1.1	1.2^c
Economy: Industry^f (% of Gross Value Added)	28.5	29.2	28.9^c
Economy: Services and other activity^f (% of GVA)	70.4	69.7	69.9^c
Employment in agriculture (% of employed)	4.1	3.6	3.4^g,e
Employment in industry (% of employed)	25.6	25	24.1^g,e
Employment in services (% employed)	70.4	71.4	72.6^g,e
Unemployment^g (% of labour force)	5.1	3.4	2.3^e
Labour force participation rate^g (female/male pop. %)	48.7 / 72.1	49.8 / 70.8	52.7 / 71.0^e
CPI: Consumer Price Index^h (2010=100)	100	104	105^e
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	96	100	100^c
International trade: exports (million current US$)	769 774	624 874	641 283^e
International trade: imports (million current US$)	694 059	625 568	635 402^e
International trade: balance (million current US$)	75 715	-695	5 880^e
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	220 888	136 472	164 497^e

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rateⁱ (average annual %)	~0.0	-0.1	-0.2^e
Urban population (% of total population)	90.8	91.4	91.7^c
Urban population growth rateⁱ (average annual %)	1.1	~0.0	...
Fertility rate, totalⁱ (live births per woman)	1.3	1.4	1.4^e
Life expectancy at birthⁱ (females/males, years)	86.0 / 79.2	86.5 / 80.0	87.5 / 81.3^e
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	13.4 / 30.3	13.0 / 32.8	12.3 / 34.6^a
International migrant stock^j (000/% of total pop.)	2 134.2 / 1.7	2 232.2 / 1.7	2 771.0 / 2.2^e
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	7^k	13.8^g	30.6^g,e
Infant mortality rateⁱ (per 1 000 live births)	2.6	2.2	1.8^e
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	9.2	10.9	11^l
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	2.2	2.3^m	2.5^l
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	3.6	3.6^m	3.2ⁿ
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	0.4	0.3	0.3^l
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	11.2	9.5	9.9^o

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	78.2^p	91.1	92.7^c
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	3.1	3.3	3.3^q,l
Threatened species (number)	330	364	562
Forested area^g (% of land area)	68.5	68.4	68.4^l
CO2 emission estimates^r (million tons/tons per capita)	1 131.8 / 8.8	1 155.6 / 9.1	1 066.2 / 8.5^c
Energy production, primary^r (Petajoules)	4 224	1 342	2 100^l
Energy supply per capita^r (Gigajoules)	163	141	140^l
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^s (000)	8 611	19 737	31 882^c
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	61.1	65.1	65.1^e
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed^t (% of GNI)	0.2	0.2	0.23ⁿ

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		Data refer to 1 October 2007.
c		2019
d		Major metropolitan areas.
e		2020
f		At producers' prices.
g		Estimate.
h		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
i		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
j		Refers to foreign citizens.
k		Data as at the end of December.
l		2018
m		2014
n		2017
o		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
p		Population aged 6 years and over.
q		Break in the time series.
r		Data include Okinawa.
s		Excluding nationals residing abroad.
t		Development Assistance Committee member (OECD).