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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2025
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	4 444 931	5 055 587	4 204 495^c
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	1.6	-4.1	1.7^c
GDP per capita (current US$)	34 924.0	40 027.0	33 806.0^c
Economy: Agriculture^g (% of Gross Value Added)	1	1.1	1^c
Economy: Industry^g (% of Gross Value Added)	28.8	29.2	28.6^c
Economy: Services and other activity^g (% of GVA)	70.2	69.7	70.4^c
Employment in agriculture^h (% of employed)	3.5	3.1	3^c
Employment in industry^h (% of employed)	25.1	24	23.7^c
Employment in services^h (% employed)	71.4	72.8	73.3^c
Unemployment (% of labour force)	3.4	2.8	2.6^h
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	49.4 / 70.2	53.1 / 71.4	55.7 / 71.7^h
CPI: Consumer Price Indexⁱ (2010=100)	104	106	114^f
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	100	100	98^c
International trade: exports (million current US$)	624 874	641 283	707 390^f
International trade: imports (million current US$)	625 568	635 402	742 672^f
International trade: balance (million current US$)	-695	5 880	- 35 281^f
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	136 472	150 029	194 257^f

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Population growth rate (average annual %)	-0.1	-0.4	-0.5^a
Urban population (% of total population)	91.4	91.7^e	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	~0.0^j	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	1.4	1.3	1.2^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	87.0 / 80.7	87.7 / 81.6	88.0 / 82.0^a
Population age distribution^k (0-14/60+ years old, %)	12.8 / 33.6	12.2 / 34.9	11.2 / 36.3^a
International migrant stock^l (000/% of total pop.)	2 577.5 / 2.0	3 289.0 / 2.6	3 409.5 / 2.8^f
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	13.8^h	30.6^h	46.7^m,f
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	2.7	2.3	2.3^a
Health: Current expenditure^n,o (% of GDP)	10.7	11.2	11.4^p
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	2.4^q	2.6	2.6^p
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio^h (f/m per 100 pop.)	102.3 / 102.6	102.6 / 102.9	102.1 / 102.3^p
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio ^h (f/m per 100 pop.)	101.6 / 101.7	102.1 / 102.2	101.8 / 101.8^p
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio^h (f/m per 100 pop.)	103.0 / 102.5	103.5 / 103.4	103.1 / 102.6^p
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	0.3	0.3	0.2^c
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	9.5	9.9^r	15.7^r

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Individuals using the Internet^s (per 100 inhabitants)	91.1	90.2	87^h,c
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	3.2	3.3	3.3^t
Threatened species (number)	364	470	690^f
Forested area (% of land area)	68.4	68.4	68.4^p
CO2 emission estimates^n,u (million tons/tons per capita)	1 164.2 / 9.1	981.7 / 7.8	1 005.0 / 8.0^p
Energy production, primary^n,u (Petajoules)	1 318	1 815	2 068^p
Energy supply per capita^n,u (Gigajoules)	143	128	132^p
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^v (000)	19 737	4 116	3 832^p
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	57.3	61.4	64.8^f
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed^w (% of GNI)	0.83	0.62	1.03^c

Footnotes

a		Projected est. (medium fertility variant).
b		Data refer to 1 October 2007.
c		2023
d		Major metropolitan areas.
e		2019
f		2024
g		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
h		Estimate.
i		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
j		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
k		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
l		Refers to foreign citizens.
m		All data is as of end-2023.
n		Data refer to fiscal years beginning 1 April.
o		Data are based on SHA2011.
p		2022
q		2014
r		Data at 1 January of the reporting year.
s		Population aged 6 years and over.
t		2021
u		Data include Okinawa.
v		Excluding nationals residing abroad.
w		Development Assistance Committee member (OECD).