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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2025
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	1 845 428	1 907 481	2 300 941^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	0.9	-8.9	0.7^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	30 465.0	31 838.0	38 672.0^b
Economy: Agriculture^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	2.2	2.2	2.1^b
Economy: Industry^f,h (% of Gross Value Added)	22.8	23.4	25.6^b
Economy: Services and other activity^f,i (% of GVA)	75	74.5	72.4^b
Employment in agriculture^j (% of employed)	3.8	4	3.6^b
Employment in industry^j (% of employed)	26.6	26.4	26.6^b
Employment in services^j (% employed)	69.6	69.6	69.8^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	11.9	9.2	6.9^j
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	39.4 / 58.6	39.5 / 57.6^j	41.2 / 58.3^j
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	108	110^k	130^k,e
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	103	100	93^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	456 989	498 804	674 874^e
International trade: imports (million current US$)	410 933	426 476	615 599^e
International trade: balance (million current US$)	46 055	72 328	59 275^e
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	22 759	75 097	26 760^e

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Population growth rate (average annual %)	-0.2	-0.4	-0.4^a
Urban population (% of total population)	69.6	70.7^d	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	0.3^l	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	1.3	1.2	1.2^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	84.7 / 80.2	84.5 / 79.8	86.0 / 81.9^a
Population age distribution^m (0-14/60+ years old, %)	13.7 / 28.1	12.8 / 30.0	11.7 / 32.7^a
International migrant stockⁿ (000/% of total pop.)	5 506.2 / 9.1	6 223.9 / 10.4	6 553.7 / 11.0^e
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	142.6	284.3	489.9^o,e
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	3.4	2.9	2.5^a
Health: Current expenditure^p (% of GDP)	8.9	9.6	8.5^b
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	3.8	4	4.2^q
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio^j (f/m per 100 pop.)	100.2 / 100.6	102.6 / 102.7	103.0 / 104.1^b
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio ^j (f/m per 100 pop.)	103.1 / 105.8	103.0 / 105.3	101.6 / 102.8^b
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio^j (f/m per 100 pop.)	99.0 / 99.5	99.9 / 100.9	99.7 / 99.9^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	0.8	0.5	0.6^b
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	31	35.7^r	32.8^r

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	58.1	70.5^s	87^t,b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	1.3	1.5	1.5^u
Threatened species (number)	279	482	599^e
Forested area (% of land area)	31.4	32.3	32.7^q
CO2 emission estimates^v (million tons/tons per capita)	322.6 / 5.3	268.4 / 4.5	291.8 / 4.9^q
Energy production, primary^v (Petajoules)	1 509	1 462	1 336^q
Energy supply per capita^v (Gigajoules)	105	96	100^q
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^w (000)	50 732	25 190	49 811^q
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	73.7	76.4	76.7^e
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	79.4 / 78.1	79.4 / 78.1	79.4 / 78.1^q
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed^x (% of GNI)	0.86	0.34	0.28^b

Footnotes

a		Projected est. (medium fertility variant).
b		2023
c		Refers to the official Metropolitan City.
d		2019
e		2024
f		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
g		Exc. irrigation canals and landscaping care.
h		Exc. publishing activities. Inc. irrigation canals.
i		Inc. publishing activities and landscape care. Exc. repair of personal and household goods.
j		Estimate.
k		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
l		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
m		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
n		Including refugees.
o		The number of refugees was rebased using updated data on the number of residence permit holder with refugee status and temporary protection holders by the end of 2023, available from Eurostat. The stateless statistics figure is a combination of data published by the National Institute of Statistics (675 as of 1 January 2023), as well as estimates from NGOs on the number of persons who are stateless or at risk of statelessness present in Italy.
p		Based on calendar year (January 1 to December 31).
q		2022
r		Data at 1 January of the reporting year.
s		Population aged 6 years and over.
t		Population aged 16 to 74 years.
u		2021
v		Data include San Marino and the Holy See.
w		Excluding seasonal and border workers.
x		Development Assistance Committee member (OECD).