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General Information

Region		Northern Europe
Population (000, 2025)		398^a
Pop. density (per km2, 2025)		4^a
Capital city		Reykjavik
Capital city pop. (000, 2025)		216.4^c
UN membership date		19 November 1946
Surface area (km2)		103 000^b
Sex ratio (m per 100 f)		105.1^a
National currency		Iceland Krona (ISK)
Exchange rate (per US$)		138.2^d

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2025
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	17 517	21 630	31 325^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	4.4	-6.9	5^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	52 930.0	58 999.0	80 827.0^b
Economy: Agriculture^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	5.9	5.2	4.3^b
Economy: Industry^e,g (% of Gross Value Added)	22.4	22.5	23.5^b
Economy: Services and other activity^e,h (% of GVA)	71.7	72.4	72.2^b
Employment in agricultureⁱ (% of employed)	4.2	4	3.7^b
Employment in industryⁱ (% of employed)	17.8	17.9	18.3^b
Employment in servicesⁱ (% employed)	77.9	78	78^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	4	5.5	2.9ⁱ
Labour force participation rateⁱ (female/male pop. %)	72.7 / 80.4	69.3 / 77.5	70.1 / 78.7
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	118	133	173^d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	100	105	101^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	4 722	4 580	6 947^d
International trade: imports (million current US$)	5 285	5 697	9 836^d
International trade: balance (million current US$)	-563	- 1 116	- 2 888^d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	986	244	-845^d

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Population growth rate (average annual %)	1	1.3	1.1^a
Urban population (% of total population)	93.7	93.9^j	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	0.6^k	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	1.8	1.7	1.5^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	83.4 / 80.9	84.2 / 81.2	84.6 / 81.8^a
Population age distribution^l (0-14/60+ years old, %)	20.2 / 19.1	18.7 / 20.2	17.5 / 21.4^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	39.1 / 11.8	65.4 / 17.8	98.8 / 25.1^d
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	0.4	1.3	11^m,d
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	3.3	3.4	1.6^a
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	8.1	9.7	9^b
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	3.8	4.3	4.4^b
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratioⁱ (f/m per 100 pop.)	98.9 / 98.5	98.5 / 98.6	98.5 / 98.6ⁿ
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio ⁱ (f/m per 100 pop.)	98.4 / 99.1	98.6 / 98.9	98.2 / 98.7ⁿ
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratioⁱ (f/m per 100 pop.)	136.4 / 133.6	116.7 / 122.2	119.5 / 127.8ⁿ
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	0.9	1.4	1.3^b
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	41.3	38.1^o	46^o

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	98.2ⁱ	99.5^p	99.8^i,b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	2.2	2.5ⁱ	2.8^q
Threatened species (number)	21	36	50^d
Forested area (% of land area)	0.5	0.5	0.5ⁿ
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	2.0 / 6.1	1.5 / 4.0	1.7 / 4.6ⁿ
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	299	337	338ⁿ
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	990	991	969ⁿ
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	1 289	486	698^q
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	18.3	18.3	19.6^d
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed^r (% of GNI)	0.24	0.27	0.35^b

Footnotes

a		Projected est. (medium fertility variant).
b		2023
c		2018
d		2024
e		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
f		Exc. irrigation canals and landscaping care.
g		Exc. publishing activities. Inc. irrigation canals.
h		Inc. publishing activities and landscape care. Exc. repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		2019
k		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
l		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
m		The number reported of stateless refugees and of non-displaced stateless people remains unchanged from end-2023, as no updated data was submitted from authorities.
n		2022
o		Data at 1 January of the reporting year.
p		Population aged 16 to 74 years.
q		2021
r		Development Assistance Committee member (OECD).