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General Information

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	491 099	393 436	603 780^c
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	5.8	-1.3	-6.5^c
GDP per capita (current US$)	6 657.8	5 012.4	7 282.0^c
Economy: Agriculture (% of Gross Value Added)	6.4	10.6	9.8^c
Economy: Industry (% of Gross Value Added)	43.4	33.2	34.6^c
Economy: Services and other activity (% of GVA)	50.2	56.3	55.6^c
Employment in agriculture (% of employed)	19.2	18	17.8^e,d
Employment in industry (% of employed)	32.2	32.5	30.3^e,d
Employment in services (% employed)	48.6	49.4	51.9^e,d
Unemployment^e (% of labour force)	13.5	11.1	11.2^d
Labour force participation rate^e (female/male pop. %)	15.7 / 69.9	14.8 / 69.7	17.3 / 71.1^d
CPI: Consumer Price Index^f (2010=100)	...	92	229^d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	90	99	96^c
International trade: exports^g,h (million current US$)	83 785	60 041	12 609^e,d
International trade: imports^g,h (million current US$)	54 697	40 037	17 087^e,d
International trade: balance^g,h (million current US$)	29 088	20 003	- 4 478^e,d

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rateⁱ (average annual %)	1.1	1.2	1.4^d
Urban population (% of total population)	70.6	73.4	75.4^c
Urban population growth rateⁱ (average annual %)	2	2	...
Fertility rate, totalⁱ (live births per woman)	1.8	1.9	2.2^d
Life expectancy at birthⁱ (females/males, years)	74.6 / 71.0	76.2 / 74.0	77.6 / 75.3^d
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	24.0 / 7.5	23.9 / 8.9	24.8 / 10.6^a
International migrant stock^j,k (000/% of total pop.)	2 722.4 / 3.7	2 729.9 / 3.5	2 797.2 / 3.3^d
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	1 085.3^l	979.5	979.5^d
Infant mortality rateⁱ (per 1 000 live births)	19.1	15.2	12.8^d
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	6.8	7.8	8.7^m
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.5ⁿ	1.2	1.6^m
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	3.7	2.8	4^m
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	99.6 / 101.7	112.3 / 105.7	113.9 / 107.7^o
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	78.0 / 83.2	83.0 / 88.7	84.7 / 87.9^o
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	70.4 / 74.5	77.3 / 83.3^p	76.3 / 79.3^o
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	3^q	2.5^p	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	2.8	3.1	5.6^r

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	15.9^s	45.3^s,t	70^m
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.3^u,v	0.4	0.8^w,o
Threatened species (number)	102	121	175
Forested area (% of land area)	6.6	6.6	6.6^e,m
CO2 emission estimates^x (million tons/tons per capita)	498.6 / 6.8	555.8 / 7.1	579.6 / 7.1^m
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	14 283	13 637	17 056^e,m
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	116	126	134^m
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	2 938	5 237	7 295^m
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	43.6	43.6	43.6^d
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	95.9 / 84.1	96.0 / 85.6	96.1 / 87.2^d
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	0.02	0.03	0.03^o

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		Land area only.
c		2019
d		2020
e		Estimate.
f		Index base: fiscal (solar) year 2016 (21 March 2016 - 20 March 2017)=100.
g		Year ending 20 March of the year stated.
h		Data include oil and gas. The value of oil exports and total exports are rough estimates based on information published in various petroleum industry journals.
i		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
j		Refers to foreign citizens.
k		Including refugees.
l		Data as at the end of December.
m		2018
n		2006
o		2017
p		2014
q		2009
r		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
s		Population aged 6 years and over.
t		Proportion of individuals using internet is 45.33%.
u		Excluding private non-profit.
v		Excluding government.
w		Break in the time series.
x		Data refer to the Iranian Year which begins on 21 March and ends on 20 March of the following year.