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General Information

Region		Southern Asia
Population (000, 2021)		1 393 409^a
Pop. density (per km2, 2021)		468.7^a
Capital city		New Delhi
Capital city pop. (000, 2021)		29 399.1^c,b
UN membership date		30-Oct-45
Surface area (km2)		3 287 263^b
Sex ratio (m per 100 f)		108.1^a
National currency		Indian Rupee (INR)
Exchange rate (per US$)		73^d

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	1 669 620	2 146 759	2 891 582^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	8.5	8	4.2^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	1 352.7	1 638.6	2 116.2^b
Economy: Agriculture^e (% of Gross Value Added)	18.4	17.7	17.7^b
Economy: Industry^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	33.1	30	29.1^b
Economy: Services and other activity^h (% of GVA)	48.5	52.3	53.1^b
Employment in agriculture (% of employed)	51.5	45.7ⁱ	41.5^i,d
Employment in industry (% of employed)	21.8	24.1ⁱ	26.2^i,d
Employment in services (% employed)	26.7	30.3ⁱ	32.3^i,d
Unemploymentⁱ (% of labour force)	5.6	5.6	5.4^d
Labour force participation rateⁱ (female/male pop. %)	25.7 / 80.5	21.7 / 77.9	20.3 / 76.0^d
CPI: Consumer Price Index^j (2010=100)	100	149	190^d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	86	98	114^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	220 408	264 381	275 489^d
International trade: imports (million current US$)	350 029	390 745	367 980^d
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 129 621	- 126 364	- 92 492^d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 54 516	- 22 457	33 007^d

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rate^k (average annual %)	1.5	1.2	1^d
Urban population (% of total population)	30.9	32.8	34.5^b
Urban population growth rate^k (average annual %)	2.6	2.4	...
Fertility rate, total^k (live births per woman)	2.8	2.4	2.2^d
Life expectancy at birth^k (females/males, years)	66.4 / 64.7	69.0 / 66.7	70.5 / 68.1^d
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	30.8 / 7.8	28.4 / 8.9	25.8 / 10.4^a
International migrant stock^l (000/% of total pop.)	5 574.0 / 0.5	5 210.8 / 0.4	4 878.7 / 0.4^d
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	193.7^m	205.8	241.3^d
Infant mortality rate^k (per 1 000 live births)	49.5	39.1	32^d
Health: Current expenditureⁿ (% of GDP)	3.3	3.6	3.5^i,o
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.7	0.7	0.9^b
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	3.4	3.8^p	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	110.7 / 107.7ⁱ	114.8 / 102.8	97.8 / 95.9^b
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	61.1 / 64.9	74.7 / 73.1	74.5 / 73.1^b
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	47.4 / 52.5	62.6 / 64.2	65.9 / 66.3^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	3.8	3.4	3.1^o
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	10.8	12	14.4^q

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	7.5ⁱ	17^i,r	20.1^o
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.8	0.7	0.7^i,o
Threatened species (number)	758	1 039	1 193
Forested areaⁱ (% of land area)	23.4	23.8	24.1^o
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	1 572.1 / 1.3	2 036.9 / 1.6	2 309.1 / 1.7^o
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	22 888	22 818ⁱ	23 847^o
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	24	28	29^o
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	5 776	13 284^s	17 423^s,o
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	17.6	20.7	20.7^d
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	... / 43.1	... / 50.7	... / 56.1^d
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %)	29.2 / 23.7	33.4 / 36.8	37.3 / 50.5^d
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	0.17	0.15	0.09^b

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2019
c		Refers to the Delhi metropolitan area that is not restricted to state boundaries (National Capital Territory), includes contiguous suburban cities and towns, such as Faridabad, Gurgaon, and Ghaziabad.
d		2020
e		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
f		Includes irrigation canals.
g		Excludes publishing activities.
h		Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		Industrial workers.
k		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
l		Including refugees.
m		Data as at the end of December.
n		Data refer to fiscal years beginning 1 April.
o		2018
p		2013
q		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
r		Population aged 18 years and over.
s		Including nationals residing abroad.