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General Information

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	233 996	299 813	395 099^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	5.6	2.3	3.5^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	31 851.5	37 577.7	46 376.5^b
Economy: Agriculture^f (% of Gross Value Added)	1.7	1.3	1.2^b
Economy: Industry^g,h (% of Gross Value Added)	23.6	22.5	20.9^b
Economy: Services and other activityⁱ (% of GVA)	74.7	76.1	77.9^b
Employment in agriculture (% of employed)	1.3^j	1	0.9^j,e
Employment in industry (% of employed)	19.1^j	17.6	16.8^j,e
Employment in services (% employed)	79.6^j	81.4	82.3^j,e
Unemployment^j (% of labour force)	8.5	5.2	3.8^e
Labour force participation rate^j (female/male pop. %)	57.0 / 69.4	59.0 / 69.5	59.7 / 68.5^e
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	100	107	107^e
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	91	99	95^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	58 413	64 062	49 761^e
International trade: imports (million current US$)	59 194	62 068	70 162^e
International trade: balance (million current US$)	-781	1 994	- 20 401^e
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	8 154	16 205	24 350^e

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rate^k (average annual %)	2.4	1.7	1.6^e
Urban population (% of total population)	91.8	92.2	92.5^b
Urban population growth rate^k (average annual %)	2.4	1.7	...
Fertility rate, total^k (live births per woman)	2.9	3	3^e
Life expectancy at birth^k (females/males, years)	82.8 / 79.0	83.7 / 80.0	84.3 / 81.0^e
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	27.3 / 14.9	27.9 / 15.8	27.7 / 16.6^a
International migrant stock^l (000/% of total pop.)	1 956.2 / 26.6	2 011.7 / 25.2	1 953.6 / 22.6^e
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	31.1^m	45.2	56.5^e
Infant mortality rate^k (per 1 000 live births)	4	3.4	2.7^e
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	7	7.1	7.5ⁿ
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	7	6.7	5.5^b
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	5.5	5.9	6.1^o
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	105.7 / 105.2	106.0 / 105.3	105.2 / 104.2ⁿ
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	104.5 / 102.0	104.2 / 103.2	106.5 / 104.7ⁿ
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	103.9 / 101.5	102.6 / 101.0	105.5 / 103.4ⁿ
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	2	1.4	1.5^o
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	19.2	22.5	26.7^p,q

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	67.5^r	77.4^s	86.8^b
Research & Development expenditure^t (% of GDP)	3.9	4.3	4.9^j,n
Threatened species (number)	131	152	234
Forested area (% of land area)	7.1	7.6	6.5ⁿ
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	68.4 / 9.0	63.8 / 7.6	63.5 / 7.0^b
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	162	274	339ⁿ
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	132	115	112ⁿ
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^u (000)	2 803	2 799	4 121ⁿ
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	16.1	16.4	17.1^e
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	99.7 / 99.7	99.5 / 99.4	99.3 / 99.1^e
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %)	87.5 / 85.7	91.3 / 89.2	95.1 / 92.7^e
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed (% of GNI)	0.07	0.08	0.12^o

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2019
c		Designation and data provided by Israel. The position of the UN on Jerusalem is stated in A/RES/181 (II) and subsequent General Assembly and Security Council resolutions.
d		Including East Jerusalem.
e		2020
f		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
g		Excludes publishing activities.
h		Includes irrigation canals.
i		Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
j		Estimate.
k		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
l		Including refugees.
m		Data as at the end of December.
n		2018
o		2017
p		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
q		Parliament was dissolved in December 2020, and new elections had not taken place at time of reporting, thus data corresponds to the outgoing legislature.
r		Population aged 20 years and over.
s		Starting from 2014, the ISS asks about internet usage via a computer, or a mobile cellular phone.
t		Do not correspond exactly to Frascati Manual recommendations.
u		Excluding nationals residing abroad.