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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	292 247	428 609	532 416^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	24.5	6.6	9.4^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	62 636.5	86 655.6	105 993.3^b
Economy: Agriculture^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	1	1	1.2^b
Economy: Industry^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	41.2	39.7	43.6^b
Economy: Services and other activity^f,h (% of GVA)	57.8	59.4	55.3^b
Employment in agricultureⁱ (% of employed)	5.3	4.5	4^b
Employment in industryⁱ (% of employed)	18.1	18.8	19.2^b
Employment in servicesⁱ (% employed)	76.6	76.7	76.8^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	9.9	5.6	4.8ⁱ
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	54.9 / 69.1	55.1 / 67.4	59.9 / 70.9ⁱ
CPI: Consumer Price Index^j (2010=100)	105	106	125^d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	101	116	121^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	124 717	185 185	212 870^d
International trade: imports (million current US$)	77 787	99 442	150 611^d
International trade: balance (million current US$)	46 931	85 744	62 258^d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	12 912	- 26 440	53 997^d

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate (average annual %)	1	0.8	1^a
Urban population (% of total population)	62.5	63.4^c	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	0.6^k	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	1.9	1.7	1.6^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	83.4 / 79.6	84.2 / 80.6	84.6 / 80.6^a
Population age distribution^l (0-14/60+ years old, %)	21.3 / 18.0	20.1 / 19.8	18.6 / 21.4^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	759.3 / 16.3	871.3 / 17.6	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	10.5^m	15.8	116.5^d
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	4	3.2	3.2^a
Health: Current expenditure^n,o (% of GDP)	7.3	7.1	6.1^b
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	3.1	3.5	4.1^p
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	3.8	3.3^c	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratioⁱ (f/m per 100 pop.)	101.0 / 101.4	101.2 / 101.5	100.6 / 99.4^p
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio ⁱ (f/m per 100 pop.)	103.8 / 103.4	111.1 / 107.7	109.1 / 107.0^p
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratioⁱ (f/m per 100 pop.)	141.5 / 133.7	187.8 / 161.1	192.5 / 164.1^p
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	0.7	0.6	0.9^b
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	16.3	20.9^q	23.1^q

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internet^r (per 100 inhabitants)	83.5	92	95.6^i,b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	1.2ⁱ	1.2^i,s	1.1^t,p
Threatened species (number)	39	79	76^d
Forested area (% of land area)	11	11.4	11.4^p
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	36.1 / 7.7	32.3 / 6.5	33.7 / 6.8^p
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	81	146	124^p
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	120	113	116^p
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^u (000)	9 528	10 951^c	...
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	76.3	83.4	83.4^d
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	81.8 / 70.7	84.6 / 70.8	84.8 / 70.7^b
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed^v (% of GNI)	0.54	0.35	0.68^b

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2022
c		2019
d		2023
e		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
f		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
g		Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation canals.
h		Includes publishing activities and landscape care. Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
k		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
l		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
m		Data as at the end of December.
n		Data are based on SHA2011.
o		Data based on calendar year (January 1 to December 31).
p		2021
q		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
r		Population aged 16 to 74 years.
s		Provisional data.
t		Break in the time series.
u		Including tourists from Northern Ireland.
v		Development Assistance Committee member (OECD).