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General Information

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	755 094	860 854	1 119 191^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	6.2	4.9	5^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	3 122.4	3 331.7	4 135.6^b
Economy: Agriculture^e (% of Gross Value Added)	14.3	13.9	13.3^b
Economy: Industry^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	43.9	41.4	40.6^b
Economy: Services and other activity^h (% of GVA)	41.8	44.7	46.1^b
Employment in agriculture (% of employed)	39.1	33	27.7^i,d
Employment in industry (% of employed)	18.7	22	22.7^i,d
Employment in services (% employed)	42.2	44.9	49.6^i,d
Unemploymentⁱ (% of labour force)	5.6	4.5	4.8^d
Labour force participation rateⁱ (female/male pop. %)	51.2 / 83.2	50.6 / 82.4	53.2 / 81.8^d
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	100	132	154^d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	90	100	117^b
International trade: exports^j (million current US$)	157 779	150 366	163 307^i,d
International trade: imports^j (million current US$)	135 663	142 695	141 568^i,d
International trade: balance^j (million current US$)	22 116	7 671	21 739^i,d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	5 144	- 17 519	- 4 341^d

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rate^k (average annual %)	1.3	1.3	1.1^d
Urban population (% of total population)	49.9	53.3	56^b
Urban population growth rate^k (average annual %)	3	2.6	...
Fertility rate, total^k (live births per woman)	2.5	2.4	2.3^d
Life expectancy at birth^k (females/males, years)	70.3 / 66.4	72.2 / 67.9	73.6 / 69.3^d
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	28.8 / 7.5	27.5 / 8.5	25.6 / 10.4^a
International migrant stock^l (000/% of total pop.)	307.5 / 0.1	338.1 / 0.1	355.5 / 0.1^d
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	2.9^m	13.2	13.5^d
Infant mortality rate^k (per 1 000 live births)	30.4	25	18.9^d
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	3	3	2.9ⁿ
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.2	0.3	0.5^b
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	2.8	3.6	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	111.0 / 107.4	104.4 / 107.4	104.6 / 108.1ⁿ
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	76.7 / 76.2	86.3 / 86.0	90.0 / 87.8ⁿ
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	63.1 / 64.5	74.4 / 77.8	81.9 / 78.7ⁿ
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	0.4	0.6	0.4^o
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	18	17.1	21^p

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	10.9	22.1	47.7^b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.1^q,r,s	0.1^i,t	0.2ⁿ
Threatened species (number)	1 142	1 246	1 988
Forested areaⁱ (% of land area)	55	52.5	49.7ⁿ
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	391.7 / 1.6	453.9 / 1.8	542.9 / 2.0ⁿ
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	16 607	17 377	20 571ⁿ
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	33	34	39ⁿ
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	7 003	10 407	16 107^b
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	19.7	22.9	25.9^d
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	0.18	0	-0.06^b

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2019
c		Refers to the functional urban area.
d		2020
e		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
f		Includes irrigation canals.
g		Excludes publishing activities.
h		Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		Merchandise imports data follows special trade system up to 2007.
k		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
l		Including refugees.
m		Data as at the end of December.
n		2018
o		2017
p		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
q		Partial data.
r		Break in the time series.
s		2009
t		2013