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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2025
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	860 854	1 059 055	1 371 171^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	4.9	-2.1	5^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	3 288.0	3 854.0	4 876.0^b
Economy: Agriculture^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	13.9	14.2	13.1^b
Economy: Industry^f,h (% of Gross Value Added)	41.4	39.7	42.1^b
Economy: Services and other activity^f,i (% of GVA)	44.7	46.1	44.8^b
Employment in agriculture^j (% of employed)	33	29.6	28.8^b
Employment in industry^j (% of employed)	22	21.5	22.1^b
Employment in services^j (% employed)	44.9	48.9	49.1^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	4.5	4.3	3.3^j
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	50.8 / 82.5	53.2 / 81.7	52.6 / 81.4^j
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	132	154	173^k,l,e
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	102	117	124^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	150 366	163 192	262 974^j,e
International trade: imports (million current US$)	142 695	141 569	229 116^j,e
International trade: balance (million current US$)	7 671	21 623	33 858^j,e
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 17 519	- 4 433	- 8 470^e

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Population growth rate (average annual %)	1.1	0.8	0.8^a
Urban population (% of total population)	53.3	56^d	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	2.6^m	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	2.3	2.2	2.1^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	71.5 / 67.6	71.1 / 66.6	73.6 / 69.3^a
Population age distributionⁿ (0-14/60+ years old, %)	27.0 / 9.2	25.8 / 10.4	24.2 / 11.9^a
International migrant stock^o,p (000/% of total pop.)	192.1 / 0.1	306.7 / 0.1	445.7 / 0.2^e
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	13.2	13.5	12.7^q,e
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	27.5	22.8	19.4^a
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	2.9^r	3.4	2.7^s
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.3	0.6	0.5^b
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	106.1 / 109.8	99.1 / 102.7	96.6 / 99.6^b
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	101.5 / 97.5	98.8 / 100.8	97.1 / 98.6^b
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	74.8 / 78.1	95.7 / 92.3	97.7 / 90.6^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	...	...	0.3^s
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	17.1	20.4^t	21.9^t

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	22.1^u	53.7	69.2^u,b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.1^j,v	0.3	...
Threatened species (number)	1 246	1 654	2 735^e
Forested area (% of land area)	50.6	49.1	48^s
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	471.1 / 1.8	634.3 / 2.3	842.9 / 3.0^s
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	17 364	20 293	23 287^s
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	33	37	45^s
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	9 963	3 915	1 546^w
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	23.3	26.3	26.3^e
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	33.6 / 22.2	34.3 / 23.7	34.6 / 24.3^s
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	-~0.00	0.12	0.09^b

Footnotes

a		Projected est. (medium fertility variant).
b		2023
c		Refers to the functional urban area.
d		2019
e		2024
f		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
g		Exc. irrigation canals and landscaping care.
h		Exc. publishing activities. Inc. irrigation canals.
i		Inc. publishing activities and landscape care. Exc. repair of personal and household goods.
j		Estimate.
k		Break in the time series.
l		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
m		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
n		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
o		Refers to foreign citizens.
p		Including refugees.
q		There are indications that a potentially sizable population of non-displaced stateless persons exists for whom no data is available.
r		Data revision.
s		2022
t		Data at 1 January of the reporting year.
u		Population aged 5 years and over.
v		2013
w		2021