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General Information

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	296 835	195 318	205 327^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	-5.5	-0.4	1.9^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	27 263.5	18 322.9	19 604.5^b
Economy: Agriculture^e (% of Gross Value Added)	3.4	4.4	4.4^b
Economy: Industry^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	16.9	16.4	14.9^b
Economy: Services and other activity^h (% of GVA)	79.7	79.2	80.8^b
Employment in agriculture (% of employed)	12.4	12.9	11.7^i,d
Employment in industry (% of employed)	19.6	14.9	15.2^i,d
Employment in services (% employed)	68	72.2	73.1^i,d
Unemploymentⁱ (% of labour force)	12.7	24.9	15.5^d
Labour force participation rateⁱ (female/male pop. %)	44.1 / 63.2	44.8 / 59.9	43.9 / 59.3^d
CPI: Consumer Price Index^j (2010=100)	100	101	101^d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	102	104	74^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	27 586	28 289	35 070^d
International trade: imports (million current US$)	66 453	47 264	55 534^d
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 38 867	- 18 975	- 20 463^d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 30 263	- 1 611	- 12 618^d

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rate^k (average annual %)	-0.6	-0.4	-0.4^d
Urban population (% of total population)	76.3	78	79.4^b
Urban population growth rate^k (average annual %)	0.7	0.1	...
Fertility rate, total^k (live births per woman)	1.4	1.3	1.3^d
Life expectancy at birth^k (females/males, years)	82.8 / 77.3	83.7 / 78.5	84.5 / 79.5^d
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	15.1 / 24.8	14.6 / 26.5	13.4 / 29.2^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	1 321.1 / 12.1	1 242.9 / 11.7	1 340.5 / 12.9^d
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	57.4^l	37.6	177.5^d
Infant mortality rate^k (per 1 000 live births)	3.5	3.3	2.8^d
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	9.5	8^m	7.7ⁿ
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	5.9	6	6.2ⁿ
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	4^o	...	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	97.4 / 99.6	99.1 / 100.0	99.5 / 99.2ⁿ
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	104.4 / 108.1	98.4 / 105.8	102.1 / 107.6ⁿ
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	106.2 / 107.6	99.4 / 109.1	105.0 / 111.6ⁿ
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	1.6	0.9	0.9ⁿ
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	17.3	23	21.7^p

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	44.4^q	66.8	75.7^b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.6ⁱ	1	1.2^r,n
Threatened species (number)	156	291	527
Forested areaⁱ (% of land area)	30.3	30.3	30.3ⁿ
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	83.4 / 7.5	64.5 / 6.0	56.8 / 5.3^b
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	395	354	301ⁿ
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	106	91	89ⁿ
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^s (000)	15 007	23 599	31 348^b
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	86	86	86^d
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %)	90.7 / ...	94.0 / ...	97.3 / ...^d
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed^t (% of GNI)	0.17	0.12	0.16^u

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2019
c		Refers to the localities of Calithèa, Peristérion and Piraeus, among others.
d		2020
e		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
f		Includes irrigation canals.
g		Excludes publishing activities.
h		Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
k		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
l		Data as at the end of December.
m		Break in the time series.
n		2018
o		2005
p		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
q		Population aged 16 to 74 years.
r		Provisional data.
s		Information is based on the border survey conducted by the Bank of Greece.
t		Development Assistance Committee member (OECD).
u		2017