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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2025
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	49 406	70 043	76 370^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	2.1	0.5	2.9^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	1 722.0	2 197.0	2 260.0^b
Economy: Agriculture^d,e (% of Gross Value Added)	21.8	20.1	22.7^b
Economy: Industry^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	34	31.8	31.7^b
Economy: Services and other activity^e,g (% of GVA)	44.2	48.1	45.6^b
Employment in agriculture^h (% of employed)	35.2	38.5	35.4^b
Employment in industry^h (% of employed)	18.7	17.7	17.7^b
Employment in services^h (% employed)	46.1	43.8	46.9^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	6.8	3.3^h	2.9^h
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	65.0 / 73.5	62.2 / 66.8^h	61.3 / 64.2^h
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	183	306	749ⁱ
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	100	122	131^b
International trade: exports^j (million current US$)	13 756	14 912^h	20 157^h,i
International trade: imports^j (million current US$)	14 687	14 216^h	18 479^h,i
International trade: balance^j (million current US$)	-932	696^h	1 678^h,i
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 2 824	- 2 134	1 407^b

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Population growth rate (average annual %)	2.3	2	1.8^a
Urban population (% of total population)	54.1	56.7^c	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	3.6^k	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	4	3.5	3.3^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	65.1 / 61.3	66.7 / 62.0	68.4 / 63.5^a
Population age distribution^l (0-14/60+ years old, %)	38.6 / 5.1	37.2 / 5.5	35.4 / 6.2^a
International migrant stock^m (000/% of total pop.)	414.7 / 1.4	476.4 / 1.5	532.3 / 1.5ⁱ
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	21.3	13.3	12.3ⁱ
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	55.5	45.5	39.4^a
Health: Current expenditureⁿ (% of GDP)	4.5	4.4	3.7^o
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.1	0.2	0.3^b
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	102.1 / 104.3	98.3 / 98.5	96.8 / 99.6^o
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	81.4 / 85.2	83.3 / 82.8	82.6 / 81.7^o
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	45.9 / 52.1	62.5 / 66.1	73.0 / 73.4^o
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	1.8	1.7	1.8^o
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	10.9	13.1^p	14.6^p

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2025
Individuals using the Internet^h (per 100 inhabitants)	23	62.5^q	69.9^b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.4^r,s	...	...
Threatened species (number)	223	255	296ⁱ
Forested area (% of land area)	34.6	35.1	35.2^o
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	14.6 / 0.5	18.8 / 0.6	20.1 / 0.6^o
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	424	704	637^o
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	13	15	16^o
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^t (000)	897	355	915^o
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	78.8	78.8	78.8ⁱ
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	52.1 / 11.0	61.6 / 16.5	62.6 / 18.8^o
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	11.6 / 11.9	13.4 / 16.4	14.0 / 18.4^o
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	3.7	3.12	2.08^b

Footnotes

a		Projected est. (medium fertility variant).
b		2023
c		2019
d		Exc. irrigation canals and landscaping care.
e		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
f		Exc. publishing activities. Inc. irrigation canals.
g		Inc. publishing activities and landscape care. Exc. repair of personal and household goods.
h		Estimate.
i		2024
j		Since 2011, Ghana have been exporting crude petroleum & natural gas in relatively larger quantities.
k		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
l		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
m		Including refugees.
n		Based on calendar year (January 1 to December 31).
o		2022
p		Data at 1 January of the reporting year.
q		Population aged 6 years and over.
r		Break in the time series.
s		2010
t		Including nationals residing abroad.