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General Information

Economic indicators

	2010	2015	2021
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	42 587	49 182	66 999^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	7.9	2.2	6.5^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	1 718.6	1 766.0	2 202.6^b
Economy: Agriculture^d (% of Gross Value Added)	28.9	22.1	18.5^b
Economy: Industry^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	28.2	34.6	34.2^b
Economy: Services and other activity^g (% of GVA)	43	43.2	47.2^b
Employment in agriculture (% of employed)	50.2^h	35.2	28.5^h,c
Employment in industry (% of employed)	13.7^h	18.7	22.2^h,c
Employment in services (% employed)	36.1^h	46.1	49.4^h,c
Unemployment^h (% of labour force)	5.3	6.8	4.5^c
Labour force participation rate^h (female/male pop. %)	66.9 / 73.3	63.5 / 72.5	63.5 / 71.8^c
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	100	176	273^c
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	84	100	118^b
International trade: exportsⁱ (million current US$)	5 233	13 756	16 385^h,c
International trade: importsⁱ (million current US$)	8 057	14 687	9 252^h,c
International trade: balanceⁱ (million current US$)	- 2 824	-932	7 134^h,c
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 2 747	- 2 824	- 1 864^b

Social indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Population growth rate^j (average annual %)	2.5	2.3	2.2^c
Urban population (% of total population)	50.7	54.1	56.7^b
Urban population growth rate^j (average annual %)	4	3.6	...
Fertility rate, total^j (live births per woman)	4.4	4.2	3.9^c
Life expectancy at birth^j (females/males, years)	61.1 / 59.2	62.7 / 60.9	64.7 / 62.6^c
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %)	39.3 / 4.6	38.2 / 4.8	36.9 / 5.4^a
International migrant stock^k (000/% of total pop.)	337.8 / 1.4	414.7 / 1.5	476.4 / 1.5^c
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	14.8^l	21.3	13.3^c
Infant mortality rate^j (per 1 000 live births)	53.7	44.8	35.6^c
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	4.7	4.6	3.5^m
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.1	0.1	0.1^b
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	5.5	4.5^h	4^h,m
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	99.5 / 101.1ⁿ	108.3 / 108.4	105.6 / 104.1^b
Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	45.7 / 51.7ⁿ	66.1 / 69.6	74.6 / 74.7^b
Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	23.6 / 29.0ⁿ	45.8 / 50.9	62.1 / 64.4^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	1.7	1.9	2.1^o
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	8.3	10.9	14.6^p

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2010	2015	2021
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	7.8^q,r	25^h,s	37.9^h,o
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.4^q	...	...
Threatened species (number)	202	223	271
Forested area (% of land area)	34.9	34.6^h	35^h,m
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	10.3 / 0.4	14.0 / 0.5	14.7 / 0.5^m
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	148	372	539^m
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	11	12	12^m
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^t (000)	931	897	...
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	68.9	68.9	68.9^c
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	43.9 / 6.3	51.9 / 10.9	60.3 / 16.1^c
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %)	9.4 / 7.8	10.8 / 11.2	12.1 / 15.0^c
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	5.36	3.69	1.39^b

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2019
c		2020
d		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
e		Includes irrigation canals.
f		Excludes publishing activities.
g		Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
h		Estimate.
i		Since 2011, Ghana have been exporting crude petroleum & natural gas in relatively larger quantities.
j		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
k		Including refugees.
l		Data as at the end of December.
m		2018
n		2009
o		2017
p		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
q		Break in the time series.
r		Population aged 12 years and over.
s		Population aged 18 years and over.
t		Including nationals residing abroad.